xuxt
421847d329
Co-authored-by: xiuting.xu <xiutingxt.xu@gmail.com> Reviewed-on: #1 Reviewed-by: yuyr <yuyr@zgclab.edu.cn> Co-authored-by: xuxt <xuxt@zgclab.edu.cn> Co-committed-by: xuxt <xuxt@zgclab.edu.cn>
315 lines
14 KiB
Markdown
315 lines
14 KiB
Markdown
# 03. RC (Resource Certifications)
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## 3.1 对象定位
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RC是资源证书，包括CA和EE
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## 3.2 原始载体与编码
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- 载体：X.509 certificates.
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- 编码：DER（遵循 RFC 5280 的 Certificate 结构与字段语义，但受 RPKI profile 限制）RFC 6487 §4
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### 3.2.1 基本语法（RFC 5280 §4，RFC 6487 ）
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RC是遵循RFC5280定义的X.509Certificate语法(RFC 5280 §4)，并且符合RFC 6487 §4的约束。只选取RFC 6487 §4章节列出来的字段。（Unless specifically noted as being OPTIONAL, all the fields listed
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here MUST be present, and any other fields MUST NOT appear in a
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conforming resource certificate.）
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```
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Certificate ::= SEQUENCE {
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tbsCertificate TBSCertificate,
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signatureAlgorithm AlgorithmIdentifier,
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signatureValue BIT STRING
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}
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TBSCertificate ::= SEQUENCE {
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version [0] EXPLICIT Version MUST be v3,
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serialNumber CertificateSerialNumber,
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signature AlgorithmIdentifier,
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issuer Name,
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subject Name,
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validity Validity,
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subjectPublicKeyInfo SubjectPublicKeyInfo,
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extensions [3] EXPLICIT Extensions OPTIONAL
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-- If present, version MUST be v3
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}
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Version ::= INTEGER { v1(0), v2(1), v3(2) }
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CertificateSerialNumber ::= INTEGER
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Validity ::= SEQUENCE {
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notBefore Time,
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notAfter Time }
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Time ::= CHOICE {
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utcTime UTCTime,
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generalTime GeneralizedTime }
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UniqueIdentifier ::= BIT STRING
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SubjectPublicKeyInfo ::= SEQUENCE {
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algorithm AlgorithmIdentifier,
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subjectPublicKey BIT STRING }
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Extensions ::= SEQUENCE SIZE (1..MAX) OF Extension
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Extension ::= SEQUENCE {
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extnID OBJECT IDENTIFIER,
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critical BOOLEAN DEFAULT FALSE,
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extnValue OCTET STRING
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-- contains the DER encoding of an ASN.1 value
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-- corresponding to the extension type identified
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-- by extnID
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}
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```
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> 其中`Name` "a valid X.501 distinguished name"(RFC 6487 §4.4)
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### 3.2.2 证书扩展字段 （RFC 6487 §4.8)
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RC的证书扩展字段按照RFC 6487 §4.8的规定，有以下几个扩展：
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- Basic Constraints
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- Subject Key Identifier
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- Authority Key Identifier
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- Key Usage
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- Extended Key Usage(CA证书，以及验证RPKI对象的EE证书不能出现该字段。非RPKI对象的EE可以出现EKU，但必须为non-critical)
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- CRL Distribution Points
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- Authority Information Access
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- Subject Information Access
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- SIA for CA Certificates
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- SIA for EE Certificates
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- Certificate Policies
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- IP Resources
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- AS Resources
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```
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# Basic Constraints
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id-ce-basicConstraints OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { id-ce 19 }
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BasicConstraints ::= SEQUENCE {
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cA BOOLEAN DEFAULT FALSE }
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# Subject Key Identifier
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id-ce-subjectKeyIdentifier OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { id-ce 14 }
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SubjectKeyIdentifier ::= KeyIdentifier
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KeyIdentifier ::= OCTET STRING
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# Authority Key Identifier
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id-ce-authorityKeyIdentifier OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { id-ce 35 }
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AuthorityKeyIdentifier ::= SEQUENCE {
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keyIdentifier [0] KeyIdentifier OPTIONAL }
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# Key Usage
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id-ce-keyUsage OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { id-ce 15 }
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KeyUsage ::= BIT STRING {
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digitalSignature (0),
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nonRepudiation (1), -- recent editions of X.509 have
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-- renamed this bit to contentCommitment
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keyEncipherment (2),
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dataEncipherment (3),
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keyAgreement (4),
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keyCertSign (5),
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cRLSign (6),
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encipherOnly (7),
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decipherOnly (8) }
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# Extended Key Usage
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id-ce-extKeyUsage OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { id-ce 37 }
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ExtKeyUsageSyntax ::= SEQUENCE SIZE (1..MAX) OF KeyPurposeId
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KeyPurposeId ::= OBJECT IDENTIFIER
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# CRL Distribution Points
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id-ce-cRLDistributionPoints OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { id-ce 31 }
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CRLDistributionPoints ::= SEQUENCE SIZE (1..MAX) OF DistributionPoint
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DistributionPoint ::= SEQUENCE {
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distributionPoint [0] DistributionPointName OPTIONAL }
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DistributionPointName ::= CHOICE {
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fullName [0] GeneralNames }
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## Authority Information Access
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id-pe-authorityInfoAccess OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { id-pe 1 }
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AuthorityInfoAccessSyntax ::=
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SEQUENCE SIZE (1..MAX) OF AccessDescription
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AccessDescription ::= SEQUENCE {
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accessMethod OBJECT IDENTIFIER,
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accessLocation GeneralName }
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# AccessDescription
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id-ad OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { id-pkix 48 }
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# CA 证书发布位置
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id-ad-caIssuers OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { id-ad 2 }
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# OCSP 服务地址
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id-ad-ocsp OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { id-ad 1 }
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# Subject Information Access
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id-pe-subjectInfoAccess OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { id-pe 11 }
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SubjectInfoAccessSyntax ::= SEQUENCE SIZE (1..MAX) OF AccessDescription
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AccessDescription ::= SEQUENCE {
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accessMethod OBJECT IDENTIFIER,
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accessLocation GeneralName }
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## Subject Information Access for CA (RFC 6487 §4.8.8.1)
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id-ad OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { id-pkix 48 }
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id-ad-rpkiManifest OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { id-ad 10 }
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必须存在一个accessMethod=id-ad-caRepository，accessLocation=rsyncURI。
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必须存在一个accessMethod=id-ad-repiManifest, accessLocation=rsync URI，指向该CA的mft对象。
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## Subject Information Access for EE (RFC 6487 §4.8.8.2)
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id-ad-signedObject OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { id-ad 11 }
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必须存在一个accessMethod=id-ad-signedObject, accessLocation=rsyncURI
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不允许其他的accessMethod
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# Certificate Policies
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id-ce-certificatePolicies OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { id-ce 32 }
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anyPolicy OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { id-ce-certificatePolicies 0 }
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certificatePolicies ::= SEQUENCE SIZE (1..MAX) OF PolicyInformation
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PolicyInformation ::= SEQUENCE {
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policyIdentifier CertPolicyId,
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policyQualifiers SEQUENCE SIZE (1..MAX) OF PolicyQualifierInfo OPTIONAL }
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CertPolicyId ::= OBJECT IDENTIFIER
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PolicyQualifierInfo ::= SEQUENCE {
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policyQualifierId PolicyQualifierId,
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qualifier ANY DEFINED BY policyQualifierId }
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-- policyQualifierIds for Internet policy qualifiers
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id-qt OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { id-pkix 2 }
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id-qt-cps OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { id-qt 1 }
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id-qt-unotice OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { id-qt 2 }
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PolicyQualifierId ::= OBJECT IDENTIFIER ( id-qt-cps | id-qt-unotice )
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Qualifier ::= CHOICE {
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cPSuri CPSuri,
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userNotice UserNotice }
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CPSuri ::= IA5String
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UserNotice ::= SEQUENCE {
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noticeRef NoticeReference OPTIONAL,
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explicitText DisplayText OPTIONAL }
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NoticeReference ::= SEQUENCE {
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organization DisplayText,
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noticeNumbers SEQUENCE OF INTEGER }
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DisplayText ::= CHOICE {
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ia5String IA5String (SIZE (1..200)),
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visibleString VisibleString (SIZE (1..200)),
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bmpString BMPString (SIZE (1..200)),
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utf8String UTF8String (SIZE (1..200)) }
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# IP Resources
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id-pe-ipAddrBlocks OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { id-pe 7 }
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IPAddrBlocks ::= SEQUENCE OF IPAddressFamily
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IPAddressFamily ::= SEQUENCE { -- AFI & optional SAFI --
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addressFamily OCTET STRING (SIZE (2..3)),
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ipAddressChoice IPAddressChoice }
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IPAddressChoice ::= CHOICE {
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inherit NULL, -- inherit from issuer --
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addressesOrRanges SEQUENCE OF IPAddressOrRange }
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IPAddressOrRange ::= CHOICE {
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addressPrefix IPAddress,
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addressRange IPAddressRange }
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IPAddressRange ::= SEQUENCE {
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min IPAddress,
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max IPAddress }
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IPAddress ::= BIT STRING
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# AS Resources
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id-pe-autonomousSysIds OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { id-pe 8 }
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ASIdentifiers ::= SEQUENCE {
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asnum [0] EXPLICIT ASIdentifierChoice OPTIONAL,
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rdi [1] EXPLICIT ASIdentifierChoice OPTIONAL}
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ASIdentifierChoice ::= CHOICE {
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inherit NULL, -- inherit from issuer --
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asIdsOrRanges SEQUENCE OF ASIdOrRange }
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ASIdOrRange ::= CHOICE {
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id ASId,
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range ASRange }
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ASRange ::= SEQUENCE {
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min ASId,
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max ASId }
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ASId ::= INTEGER
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```
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# 3.3 抽象数据结构
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采用X509 Certificate + Resource + 约束校验的方式组合
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| 字段 | 类型 | 语义 | 约束/解析规则 | RFC 引用 |
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|----------|---------------------|----------|---------|---------------|
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| cert_der | Vec<u8> | 证书原始数据 | | |
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| cert | X509Certificate | 基础X509证书 | | RFC 5280 §4.1 |
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| resource | ResourceSet | 资源集合 | | |
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# 3.4 约束规则
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## 3.4.1 Cert约束校验规则
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RFC 6487中规定的证书的字段参见[3.2.1 ](#321-基本语法rfc-5280-4rfc-6487-)
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-
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| 字段 | 语义 | 约束/解析规则 | RFC 引用 |
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|-----------|-------|----------------------------------------------|--------------|
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| version | 证书版本 | 必须是v3(值为2） | RFC6487 §4.1 |
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| serial | 证书编号 | 同一个CA签发的证书编号必须唯一 | RFC6487 §4.2 |
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| validity | 证书有效期 | notBefore：时间不能早于证书的生成时间。若时间段大于上级证书的有效期，也是有效的 | RFC6487 §4.6 |
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## 3.4.2 Cert Extentions中字段的约束校验规则
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RFC 6487中规定的扩展字段参见[3.2.2 ](#322-证书扩展字段-rfc-6487-48)
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| 字段 | critical | 语义 | 约束/解析规则 | RFC 引用 |
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|----------------------------|----------|-------------|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-----------------|
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| basicConstraints | Y | 证书类型 | CA证书：cA=TRUE; EE证书：cA=FALSE | RFC6487 §4.8.1 |
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| subjectKeyIdentifier | N | 证书公钥 | SKI = SHA-1(DER-encoded SPKI bit string) | RFC6487 §4.8.2 |
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| authorityKeyIdentifier | N | 父证书的公钥 | 字段只包含keyIdentifier，不能包含authorityCertIssuer和authorityCertSerialNumber；除了自签名CA外，其余证书必须出现。自签名CA若出现该字段，则等于SKI | RFC6487 §4.8.3 |
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| keyUsage | Y | 证书公钥的用途权限 | CA证书：keyCertSign = TRUE, cRLSign = TRUE 其他都是FALSE。EE证书：digitalSignature = TRUE 其他都是FALSE | RFC6487 §4.8.4 |
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| extendedKeyUsage | N | 扩展证书公钥的用途权限 | CA证书：不能出现EKU；验证 RPKI 对象的 EE 证书：不能出现EKU；非 RPKI 对象的 EE：可以出现EKU，但必须为non-critical. | RFC6487 §4.8.5 |
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| cRLDistributionPoints | N | CRL的发布点位置 | 字段：distributionPoint，不能包含reasons、cRLIssuer。其中distributionPoint字段包含：fullName，不能包含nameRelativeToCRLIssuer。fullName的格式必须是URI。自签名证书禁止出现该字段。非自签名证书必须出现。一个CA只能有一个CRL。一个CRLDP只能包含一个distributionPoint。但一个distributionPoint字段中可以包含多于1个的URI，但必须包含rsync URI且必须是最新的。 | RFC6487 §4.8.6 |
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| authorityInformationAccess | N | 签发者的发布点位置 | 除了自签名的CA，必须出现。自签名CA，禁止出现。推荐的URI访问方式是rsync，并且rsyncURI的话，必须指定accessMethod=id-ad-caIssuers | RFC6487 §4.8.7 |
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| subjectInformationAccess | N | 发布点位置 | CA证书：必须存在。必须存在一个accessMethod=id-ad-caRepository，accessLocation=rsyncURI。必须存在一个accessMethod=id-ad-repiManifest,accessLocation=rsync URI，指向该CA的mft对象。 EE证书：必须存在。必须存在一个accessMethod=id-ad-signedObject,accessLocation=rsyncURI。不允许其他的accessMethod | RFC6487 §4.8.8 |
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| certificatePolicies | Y | 证书策略 | 必须存在，并且只能存在一种策略：RFC 6484 — RPKI Certificate Policy (CP) | RFC6487 §4.8.9 |
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| iPResources | Y | IP地址集合 | 所有的RPKI证书中必须包含IP Resources或者ASResources，或者两者都包含。 | RFC6487 §4.8.10 |
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| aSResources | Y | ASN集合 | 所有的RPKI证书中必须包含IP Resources或者ASResources，或者两者都包含。 | RFC6487 §4.8.11 |
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