diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2c96eb1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+target/
+Cargo.lock
diff --git a/Cargo.toml b/Cargo.toml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..49f8bfa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Cargo.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+[package]
+name = "rpki"
+version = "0.1.0"
+edition = "2024"
+
+[dependencies]
+der-parser = "10.0.0"
+hex = "0.4.3"
+thiserror = "2.0.18"
+time = "0.3.45"
+x509-parser = { version = "0.18.0", features = ["verify"] }
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index e69de29..e89d904 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+
+
+# 单元测试
+
+```
+cargo test 
+
+# 查看输出
+cargo test -- --nocapture
+```
+
diff --git a/specs/00_common_types.md b/specs/00_common_types.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cabf293
--- /dev/null
+++ b/specs/00_common_types.md
@@ -0,0 +1,217 @@
+# 00. 公共类型、编码约定与 OID 表
+
+本文件定义各数据对象文档共用的类型与记号。
+
+## 0.1 规范关键字
+
+文中 “MUST/SHOULD/MAY/MUST NOT/SHOULD NOT” 语义遵循 RFC 2119 / RFC 8174。
+
+## 0.2 编码/序列化约定
+
+### 0.2.1 DER
+
+- `DER`：ASN.1 Distinguished Encoding Rules（DER）。RPKI Signed Object 与其 eContent 均要求 DER 编码。RFC 6488 §2；RFC 9286 §4.2；RFC 9582 §4。
+
+### 0.2.2 X.509 v3 扩展（Extension）编码模板
+
+> 用途：解释证书/CRL里“按 OID 挂扩展”的通用编码方式。该模板来自 RFC 5280，对 RPKI 来说是“所有 extnID 扩展”的外层载体。
+
+证书与 CRL 的扩展都使用同一个外层结构（DER 编码）。其 ASN.1 定义如下：RFC 5280 §4.1。
+
+```asn1
+Extension  ::=  SEQUENCE  {
+     extnID      OBJECT IDENTIFIER,
+     critical    BOOLEAN DEFAULT FALSE,
+     extnValue   OCTET STRING
+                 -- contains the DER encoding of an ASN.1 value
+                 -- corresponding to the extension type identified
+                 -- by extnID
+     }
+```
+
+解码要点：
+
+- 先按 `extnID` 选择“要用哪一种内层 ASN.1 结构”。
+- 再把 `extnValue` 的 octets 作为 DER 进行**二次解码**，得到该扩展的内层值（例如 SIA/AIA/CRLDP/3779 资源扩展等）。
+
+编码要点：
+
+- 先把内层值按其 ASN.1 结构 DER 编码，得到 `inner_der`；
+- 再写入 `extnValue = OCTET STRING(inner_der)`。
+
+RFC 引用：RFC 5280 §4.1（证书扩展位置）；RFC 5280 §4.2（扩展定义与语义）。
+
+### 0.2.3 AIA/SIA 的内层容器结构（AccessDescription + GeneralName URI）
+
+Authority Information Access（AIA）与 Subject Information Access（SIA）的内层值都是一个 “AccessDescription 列表”。其 ASN.1 定义如下：RFC 5280 §4.2.2.1；RFC 5280 §4.2.2.2。
+
+```asn1
+AuthorityInfoAccessSyntax  ::=
+        SEQUENCE SIZE (1..MAX) OF AccessDescription
+
+SubjectInfoAccessSyntax  ::=
+        SEQUENCE SIZE (1..MAX) OF AccessDescription
+
+AccessDescription  ::=  SEQUENCE {
+        accessMethod          OBJECT IDENTIFIER,
+        accessLocation        GeneralName  }
+```
+
+其中 `accessLocation` 的 `GeneralName`（URI 用 `uniformResourceIdentifier` 分支）定义如下：RFC 5280 §4.2.1.6。
+
+```asn1
+GeneralName ::= CHOICE {
+     otherName                       [0]     OtherName,
+     rfc822Name                      [1]     IA5String,
+     dNSName                         [2]     IA5String,
+     x400Address                     [3]     ORAddress,
+     directoryName                   [4]     Name,
+     ediPartyName                    [5]     EDIPartyName,
+     uniformResourceIdentifier       [6]     IA5String,
+     iPAddress                       [7]     OCTET STRING,
+     registeredID                    [8]     OBJECT IDENTIFIER }
+```
+
+解码要点：
+
+- 先按 `extnID` 识别是 AIA(`1.3.6.1.5.5.7.1.1`) 或 SIA(`1.3.6.1.5.5.7.1.11`)；
+- 再把 `extnValue` 解码成 “SEQUENCE OF AccessDescription”；
+- 每条 `AccessDescription` 用 `accessMethod` 的 OID 区分语义；
+- URI 通常出现在 `GeneralName.uniformResourceIdentifier`（IA5String）中。
+
+RFC 引用：RFC 5280 §4.2.2.1；RFC 5280 §4.2.2.2；RFC 5280 §4.2.1.6。
+
+### 0.2.2 Base64（仅 TAL）
+
+- `Base64`：TAL 中的 `subjectPublicKeyInfo` 以 DER 字节序列经 Base64 编码表示；允许插入换行。RFC 8630 §2.2。
+
+### 0.2.4 换行
+
+- `LF` 或 `CRLF`：TAL 文件允许使用 `\n` 或 `\r\n`。RFC 8630 §2.2。
+
+## 0.3 基本类型（抽象模型层）
+
+> 说明：这些类型用于描述“语义对象”，不等同于 ASN.1 具体类型，但会给出从 ASN.1/文本到该类型的解析规则。
+
+- `DerBytes`: `bytes`，承载一个 DER 编码对象的原始字节（入口）。
+- `Oid`: `string`（点分十进制），例如 `1.2.840.113549.1.9.16.1.26`。
+- `Uri`: `string`，URI 文本；其语法来自 RFC 3986，但在 RPKI profile 下会被进一步限制（见各对象文档）。
+- `Utf8Text`: `string`，UTF-8 文本（例如 TAL 注释行）。RFC 8630 §2.2（引用 RFC 5198 §2 的限制）。
+- `UtcTime`: `string`，承载“UTC 时间点”的语义值；来源可能是 X.509 `Time`（UTCTime/GeneralizedTime）或 ASN.1 `GeneralizedTime`（如 Manifest）。RFC 5280 §4.1.2.5；RFC 9286 §4.2。
+- `HexBytes`: `bytes` 的十六进制展示形态（仅文档说明用，不建议作为接口字段）。
+
+## 0.4 RPKI 资源集合语义（高层表示）
+
+### 0.4.1 IP 资源集合（语义模型）
+
+用于表达 RFC 3779 的 `IPAddrBlocks`（以及 ROA 的“仅前缀”子集）。
+
+#### 类型：`IpResourceSet`
+
+- `families: list[IpFamilyResources]`
+
+#### 类型：`IpFamilyResources`
+
+- `afi: enum { ipv4, ipv6 }`
+- `safi: optional[int]`
+  - 在公用互联网资源证书语义中，SAFI **MUST NOT** 使用。RFC 6487 §4.8.10。
+- `choice: enum { inherit, explicit }`
+- `explicit_resources: optional[list[IpRangeOrPrefix]]`
+
+#### 类型：`IpRangeOrPrefix`
+
+- `kind: enum { prefix, range }`
+- `prefix: optional[IpPrefix]`
+- `range: optional[IpRange]`
+
+#### 类型：`IpPrefix`
+
+- `address: bytes`（IPv4 4 字节或 IPv6 16 字节的网络序）
+- `prefix_len: int`
+
+#### 类型：`IpRange`
+
+- `min: bytes`
+- `max: bytes`
+
+解析与约束要点（实现应在解析阶段保留必要信息供后续验证使用）：
+
+- RFC 3779 `IPAddress`/`IPAddressRange` 以 `BIT STRING` 编码前缀/范围，并对排序/去重/规范编码给出要求。RFC 3779 §2.2.3.6-§2.2.3.9。
+- RFC 3779 `inherit` 语义表示资源集合继承自签发者。RFC 3779 §2.2.3.5。
+
+### 0.4.2 AS 资源集合（语义模型）
+
+用于表达 RFC 3779 的 `ASIdentifiers`。
+
+#### 类型：`AsResourceSet`
+
+- `asnum: optional[AsIdentifierChoice]`
+  - 在 RPKI profile 中，`asnum` 与 `rdi` 不能都缺省到导致“无 AS 资源扩展”的语义；但 RC 层面允许 “仅 IP” 或 “仅 AS” 或两者都存在。RFC 6487 §4.8.10；RFC 6487 §4.8.11。
+- `rdi: optional[AsIdentifierChoice]`
+  - RPKI profile **不支持** RDI，MUST NOT 使用。RFC 6487 §4.8.11。
+
+#### 类型：`AsIdentifierChoice`
+
+- `choice: enum { inherit, explicit }`
+- `explicit_ranges: optional[list[AsRangeOrId]]`
+
+#### 类型：`AsRangeOrId`
+
+- `kind: enum { id, range }`
+- `id: optional[int]`（0..4294967295）
+- `range: optional[AsRange]`
+
+#### 类型：`AsRange`
+
+- `min: int`
+- `max: int`
+
+解析与约束要点：
+
+- `inherit` 语义与排序/范围编码规则来自 RFC 3779。RFC 3779 §3.2.3.3；RFC 3779 §3.2.3.8。
+
+## 0.5 常用 OID 表（最小集合）
+
+> 说明：表中 “来源 RFC” 给出该 OID 在本模型中的直接规范引用点；在实现时也可以直接用点分十进制比对。
+
+| OID | 符号名/含义 | 来源 RFC |
+|---|---|---|
+| `1.2.840.113549.1.7.2` | CMS SignedData（ContentInfo.contentType） | RFC 6488 §3(1a) |
+| `1.2.840.113549.1.9.3` | CMS signedAttrs: content-type | RFC 6488 §3(1f) |
+| `1.2.840.113549.1.9.4` | CMS signedAttrs: message-digest | RFC 6488 §3(1f) |
+| `1.2.840.113549.1.9.5` | CMS signedAttrs: signing-time | RFC 9589 §4（更新 RFC 6488 §3(1f)/(1g)） |
+| `1.2.840.113549.1.9.16.1.24` | ROA eContentType: id-ct-routeOriginAuthz | RFC 9582 §3 |
+| `1.2.840.113549.1.9.16.1.26` | Manifest eContentType: id-ct-rpkiManifest | RFC 9286 §4.1 |
+| `1.3.6.1.5.5.7.1.1` | X.509 v3 扩展：authorityInfoAccess | RFC 5280 §4.2.2.1 |
+| `1.3.6.1.5.5.7.1.11` | X.509 v3 扩展：subjectInfoAccess | RFC 5280 §4.2.2.2；RPKI 约束见 RFC 6487 §4.8.8 |
+| `1.3.6.1.5.5.7.48.2` | AIA accessMethod: id-ad-caIssuers | RFC 5280 §4.2.2.1 |
+| `1.3.6.1.5.5.7.48.5` | SIA accessMethod: id-ad-caRepository | RFC 5280 §4.2.2.2；RPKI 语义见 RFC 6481 §2.2；约束见 RFC 6487 §4.8.8.1 |
+| `1.3.6.1.5.5.7.48.10` | SIA accessMethod: id-ad-rpkiManifest | RFC 6487 §4.8.8.1 |
+| `1.3.6.1.5.5.7.48.11` | SIA accessMethod: id-ad-signedObject | RFC 6487 §4.8.8.2 |
+| `1.3.6.1.5.5.7.48.13` | SIA accessMethod: id-ad-rpkiNotify（RRDP Notification） | RFC 8182 §3.2 |
+| `1.3.6.1.5.5.7.1.7` | RFC 3779 IP 资源扩展：id-pe-ipAddrBlocks | RFC 3779 §2.2.1 |
+| `1.3.6.1.5.5.7.1.8` | RFC 3779 AS 资源扩展：id-pe-autonomousSysIds | RFC 3779 §3.2.1 |
+| `2.5.29.31` | X.509 v3 扩展：cRLDistributionPoints | RFC 5280 §4.2.1.13；RPKI 约束见 RFC 6487 §4.8.6 |
+| `2.5.29.32` | X.509 v3 扩展：certificatePolicies | RFC 5280 §4.2.1.4；RPKI 约束见 RFC 6487 §4.8.9；更新见 RFC 7318 §2 |
+| `2.5.29.14` | X.509 v3 扩展：subjectKeyIdentifier | RFC 5280 §4.2.1.2；RPKI 约束见 RFC 6487 §4.8.2 |
+| `2.5.29.35` | X.509 v3 扩展：authorityKeyIdentifier（证书/CRL） | RFC 5280 §4.2.1.1（证书）；RFC 5280 §5.2.1（CRL）；RPKI 约束见 RFC 6487 §4.8.3 / RFC 9829 §3.1 |
+| `2.5.29.15` | X.509 v3 扩展：keyUsage | RFC 5280 §4.2.1.3；RPKI 约束见 RFC 6487 §4.8.4 |
+| `2.5.29.19` | X.509 v3 扩展：basicConstraints | RFC 5280 §4.2.1.9；RPKI 约束见 RFC 6487 §4.8.1 |
+| `2.5.29.20` | CRL 扩展：cRLNumber | RFC 5280 §5.2.3；RPKI 约束更新见 RFC 9829 §3.1 |
+| `1.3.6.1.5.5.7.14.2` | RPKI Certificate Policy：id-cp-ipAddr-asNumber | RFC 6484 §1.2；证书中使用要求见 RFC 6487 §4.8.9 |
+| `1.3.6.1.5.5.7.2.1` | Policy Qualifier：id-qt-cps | RFC 5280 §4.2.1.4；RPKI 限制见 RFC 7318 §2 |
+| `2.16.840.1.101.3.4.2.1` | `id-sha256`（SHA-256 摘要算法 OID） | RFC 7935 §2（引用 RFC 5754） |
+| `1.2.840.113549.1.1.1` | `rsaEncryption`（CMS SignerInfo.signatureAlgorithm 生成时使用） | RFC 7935 §2（引用 RFC 3370） |
+| `1.2.840.113549.1.1.11` | `sha256WithRSAEncryption`（证书/CRL 签名算法；CMS 验证兼容） | RFC 7935 §2（引用 RFC 4055） |
+
+## 0.6 `None` 类型字段的含义（文档约定）
+
+在本目录的“抽象数据模型（接口）”字段表里，如果某字段的类型标为 `None`，表示：
+
+- 该字段/子字段在通用 ASN.1 结构里**可能存在**（或是可选字段/可扩展集合），但在 RPKI profile 下被明确规定 **MUST NOT be present / MUST be omitted**；
+- 因此它**不应作为正常语义数据对象的可用字段**出现；
+- 实现可以选择两种方式之一：
+  1) **不在对象结构中建模该字段**，仅在“约束清单”里写明禁止出现；解析时若遇到该字段则直接报“profile 违规”；或
+  2) 为了便于输出结构化诊断，把它保留成“永远为 None 的占位字段”，并规定：若从 DER 中解析到该字段，则对象不符合 profile。
+
+注意：像 CMS `signedAttrs` 中的 “other attributes MUST NOT be included” 这类规则，本质是“集合不得含额外成员”。文档里用 `other_attrs: None` 只是为了把“禁止项”放进同一张字段表，便于实现逐条对照；它不代表 ASN.1 里真的有一个名为 `other_attrs` 的字段。
diff --git a/specs/04_crl.md b/specs/04_crl.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8b861d3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/specs/04_crl.md
@@ -0,0 +1,141 @@
+# 04. CRL（Resource Certificate Revocation List）
+
+## 4.1 对象定位
+
+RPKI CA 必须发布符合 profile 的 CRL，用于声明其签发且未过期证书中的撤销集合。RFC 6487 §5。
+
+RFC 9829 更新了 RFC 6487 对 CRL Number 以及 “current CRL” 识别的处理规则。RFC 9829 §3。
+
+## 4.2 原始载体与编码
+
+- 载体：X.509 CRL。
+- 编码：DER（遵循 RFC 5280 的 CRL 结构与字段语义，但受 RPKI profile 限制）。RFC 6487 §5（“consistent with RFC 5280”）。
+
+### 4.2.1 X.509 v2 CRL 基本语法（ASN.1；RFC 5280 §5.1）
+
+CRL 在编码层面是 RFC 5280 定义的 `CertificateList`（DER）。RFC 5280 §5.1。
+
+```asn1
+CertificateList  ::=  SEQUENCE  {
+     tbsCertList          TBSCertList,
+     signatureAlgorithm   AlgorithmIdentifier,
+     signatureValue       BIT STRING  }
+
+TBSCertList  ::=  SEQUENCE  {
+     version                 Version OPTIONAL,
+                                  -- if present, MUST be v2
+     signature               AlgorithmIdentifier,
+     issuer                  Name,
+     thisUpdate              Time,
+     nextUpdate              Time OPTIONAL,
+     revokedCertificates     SEQUENCE OF SEQUENCE  {
+          userCertificate         CertificateSerialNumber,
+          revocationDate          Time,
+          crlEntryExtensions      Extensions OPTIONAL
+                                   -- if present, version MUST be v2
+                               }  OPTIONAL,
+     crlExtensions           [0]  EXPLICIT Extensions OPTIONAL
+                                   -- if present, version MUST be v2
+                               }
+```
+
+> 注：`Version`/`Time`/`CertificateSerialNumber`/`Extensions` 的定义在 RFC 5280 §4.1；`AlgorithmIdentifier` 的定义在 RFC 5280 §4.1.1.2（RFC 5280 §5.1 的注释段落给出引用）。
+
+### 4.2.2 CRL 扩展中常用内层结构（ASN.1；RFC 5280 §4.2.1.1；RFC 5280 §5.2.3）
+
+RPKI profile（经 RFC 9829 更新）要求 CRL **仅允许**两个扩展：AKI 与 CRL Number。RFC 9829 §3.1。
+
+```asn1
+id-ce-authorityKeyIdentifier OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::=  { id-ce 35 }
+
+AuthorityKeyIdentifier ::= SEQUENCE {
+   keyIdentifier             [0] KeyIdentifier           OPTIONAL,
+   authorityCertIssuer       [1] GeneralNames            OPTIONAL,
+   authorityCertSerialNumber [2] CertificateSerialNumber OPTIONAL  }
+
+KeyIdentifier ::= OCTET STRING
+
+id-ce-cRLNumber OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { id-ce 20 }
+
+CRLNumber ::= INTEGER (0..MAX)
+```
+
+
+## 4.3 抽象数据模型（接口）
+
+### 4.3.0 `Asn1TimeUtc`（X.509 `Time` 的抽象）
+
+X.509 中的 `Time` 是一个 CHOICE，可用 `UTCTime` 或 `GeneralizedTime` 编码；但在语义层面都表达一个 UTC 时间点。RFC 5280 §4.1.2.5；RFC 5280 §5.1.2.4。
+
+因此在抽象模型中，将 `Time` 规范化为 “UTC 时间点 + 原始编码形态”：
+
+| 字段 | 类型 | 语义 | 约束/解析规则 | RFC 引用 |
+|---|---|---|---|---|
+| `utc` | `UtcTime` | 规范化后的 UTC 时间点 | 从 `UTCTime`/`GeneralizedTime` 解码并转换为 UTC 时间点 | RFC 5280 §4.1.2.5.1；RFC 5280 §4.1.2.5.2 |
+| `encoding` | `enum{UTCTime, GeneralizedTime}` | 原始编码类型 | 需要保留编码形态以支持 profile 的编码约束校验 | RFC 5280 §5.1.2.4；RFC 5280 §5.1.2.5 |
+
+### 4.3.1 `RpkixCrl`
+
+| 字段 | 类型 | 语义 | 约束/解析规则 | RFC 引用 |
+|---|---|---|---|---|
+| `raw_der` | `DerBytes` | CRL DER | 原样保留（建议） | RFC 6487 §5 |
+| `version` | `int` | CRL 版本 | MUST 为 v2；RP 不要求处理 v1 | RFC 6487 §5 |
+| `issuer_dn` | `RpkixDistinguishedName` | CRL issuer | issuer DN 约束同证书 issuer（CN/serialNumber 规则） | RFC 6487 §5（引用 §4.4） |
+| `signature_algorithm` | `Oid` | CRL 签名算法 | 必须为 `sha256WithRSAEncryption`（`1.2.840.113549.1.1.11`） | RFC 6487 §5；RFC 7935 §2（引用 RFC 4055） |
+| `this_update` | `Asn1TimeUtc` | 本次 CRL 生成时间 | X.509 `Time`（UTCTime/GeneralizedTime）解码为 UTC 时间点，并保留原始编码形态 | RFC 5280 §5.1.2.4；RFC 5280 §4.1.2.5 |
+| `next_update` | `Asn1TimeUtc` | 下次 CRL 计划时间 | **MUST present**（尽管 ASN.1 标注 OPTIONAL）；解码同 `this_update` | RFC 5280 §5.1.2.5 |
+| `revoked_certs` | `list[RevokedCert]` | 撤销条目 | 仅包含未过期且已撤销证书 | RFC 6487 §5 |
+| `extensions` | `CrlExtensions` | CRL 扩展 | **仅允许** AKI 与 CRL Number 两个扩展 | RFC 9829 §3.1（更新 RFC 6487 §5） |
+
+### 4.3.2 `RevokedCert`
+
+| 字段 | 类型 | 语义 | 约束/解析规则 | RFC 引用 |
+|---|---|---|---|---|
+| `serial_number` | `int` | 被撤销证书序列号 | 必须存在 | RFC 6487 §5 |
+| `revocation_date` | `Asn1TimeUtc` | 撤销时间 | X.509 `Time` 解码为 UTC 时间点，并保留原始编码形态；revocationDate 的表达规则同 `thisUpdate` | RFC 6487 §5；RFC 5280 §5.1.2.6（引用 §5.1.2.4） |
+| `entry_extensions` | `None` | 条目扩展 | CRL entry extensions MUST NOT present | RFC 6487 §5 |
+
+### 4.3.3 `CrlExtensions`
+
+| 字段 | 类型 | 语义 | 约束/解析规则 | RFC 引用 |
+|---|---|---|---|---|
+| `authority_key_identifier` | `bytes` | AKI.keyIdentifier | **extnID=`2.5.29.35`**；RP MUST 处理 AKI；CRL 扩展仅允许 AKI 与 CRLNumber | RFC 9829 §3.1；RFC 5280 §5.2.1 |
+| `crl_number` | `int` | CRLNumber | **extnID=`2.5.29.20`**；RP 必须忽略其排序语义；仅检查 non-critical 且数值范围：0..2^159-1 | RFC 9829 §3.1（引用 RFC 5280 §5.2.3） |
+
+## 4.4 字段级约束清单（实现对照）
+
+- CA 必须签发 version 2 CRL；RP 不要求处理 v1。RFC 6487 §5。
+- CRL 不得包含 Indirect CRL 或 Delta CRL。RFC 6487 §5。
+- CRL 范围必须覆盖该 CA 签发的全部证书。RFC 6487 §5。
+- `nextUpdate` MUST present（尽管 ASN.1 标注 OPTIONAL）。RFC 5280 §5.1.2.5。
+- 时间编码规则（`thisUpdate`/`nextUpdate`/`revocationDate`）：2049（含）及之前必须用 `UTCTime`；2050（含）及之后必须用 `GeneralizedTime`；应用必须能处理两者。RFC 5280 §5.1.2.4；RFC 5280 §5.1.2.5；RFC 5280 §5.1.2.6（引用 §5.1.2.4）。
+- 只允许两个 CRL 扩展：AKI 与 CRLNumber；除此之外不允许任何 CRL 扩展。RFC 9829 §3.1。
+- RP 必须处理 AKI；CRLNumber 仅做 “non-critical + 数值范围” 检查并忽略其它语义。RFC 9829 §3.1。
+- 每个撤销条目仅允许 Serial Number 与 Revocation Date；不允许条目扩展。RFC 6487 §5。
+
+## 4.5 CRL 验签与绑定校验（验证阶段）
+
+> 本节描述“基于已解析的数据对象对 CRL 做签名校验（cryptographic signature validation）”所需输入与处理步骤。其定位属于验证阶段（而非纯解码阶段）。
+
+### 4.5.1 验签所需输入
+
+- **CRL 对象本身**：包含 `tbsCertList`（待签名数据）、`signatureAlgorithm`、`signatureValue`。RFC 5280 §5.1。
+- **CRL issuer 的 CA 证书（或其公钥）**：用于提供验签公钥（`SubjectPublicKeyInfo`）。RFC 5280 §6.3.3 (f)-(g)。
+- （链路上下文）用于验证 issuer CA 证书链的同一信任锚（trust anchor）：CRL issuer 的证书链必须与目标证书使用同一信任锚。RFC 5280 §6.3.3 (f)。
+
+### 4.5.2 绑定与一致性校验（推荐最小集合）
+
+在执行签名验签之前，RP 通常应进行下列绑定校验以确保“用的是正确的 issuer 证书/公钥”：
+
+1. **Issuer DN 匹配**：`CRL.issuer_dn` 必须等于 issuer CA 证书的 `subject`。RFC 5280 §5.1（`issuer` 字段）；RFC 5280 §6.3.3 (b)（“verify that the CRL issuer matches the certificate issuer” 的一般化要求）。
+2. **AKI ↔ SKI 绑定**：若 issuer CA 证书包含 `SubjectKeyIdentifier`（SKI，OID `2.5.29.14`），则其值应与 CRL 的 `AuthorityKeyIdentifier.keyIdentifier`（AKI，OID `2.5.29.35`）匹配。RFC 5280 §4.2.1.1；RFC 5280 §4.2.1.2；RFC 5280 §6.3.3 (c)(3)（delta 与 complete CRL 的 AKI 匹配规则；在非 delta 场景下同样用于选择正确的签发者公钥）。
+3. **KeyUsage 约束**：若 issuer CA 证书存在 `KeyUsage` 扩展（OID `2.5.29.15`），则必须包含 `cRLSign` 位。RFC 5280 §4.2.1.3；RFC 5280 §6.3.3 (f)。
+
+> 注：SKI 的生成算法在 RFC 5280 中不强制限定（不同 CA 可能采用不同方式生成 keyIdentifier）；因此一般做“字节值匹配”，而不对 SKI 值做“从公钥推导再比对”的强校验。
+
+### 4.5.3 签名验签
+
+完成上述绑定后，使用 issuer CA 证书提供的公钥对 CRL 签名进行验签：
+
+- 使用 issuer 的 `SubjectPublicKeyInfo` 验证 `signatureValue` 是对 `tbsCertList` 的正确签名。RFC 5280 §6.3.3 (g)。
+- RPKI profile 限定签名算法为 `sha256WithRSAEncryption`（OID `1.2.840.113549.1.1.11`），并要求算法参数编码符合 X.509/PKIX 约束（常见为 absent 或 NULL）。RFC 6487 §5；RFC 7935 §2；RFC 5280 §4.1.1.2。
diff --git a/src/data_model/crl.rs b/src/data_model/crl.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6d52d7f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data_model/crl.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,429 @@
+use x509_parser::extensions::{AuthorityKeyIdentifier, ParsedExtension, X509Extension};
+use x509_parser::prelude::FromDer;
+use x509_parser::prelude::X509Version;
+use x509_parser::revocation_list::CertificateRevocationList;
+use x509_parser::asn1_rs::Tag;
+use x509_parser::certificate::X509Certificate;
+use x509_parser::x509::SubjectPublicKeyInfo;
+use x509_parser::x509::AlgorithmIdentifier;
+
+const OID_SHA256_WITH_RSA_ENCRYPTION: &str = "1.2.840.113549.1.1.11";
+const OID_AUTHORITY_KEY_IDENTIFIER: &str = "2.5.29.35";
+const OID_CRL_NUMBER: &str = "2.5.29.20";
+const OID_SUBJECT_KEY_IDENTIFIER: &str = "2.5.29.14";
+
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub enum Asn1TimeEncoding {
+    UtcTime,
+    GeneralizedTime,
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct Asn1TimeUtc {
+    pub utc: time::OffsetDateTime,
+    pub encoding: Asn1TimeEncoding,
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct BigUnsigned {
+    /// Minimal big-endian bytes. For zero, this is `[0]`.
+    pub bytes_be: Vec<u8>,
+}
+
+impl BigUnsigned {
+    pub fn to_hex_upper(&self) -> String {
+        hex::encode_upper(&self.bytes_be)
+    }
+
+    pub fn to_u64(&self) -> Option<u64> {
+        if self.bytes_be.len() > 8 {
+            return None;
+        }
+        let mut value: u64 = 0;
+        for &b in &self.bytes_be {
+            value = (value << 8) | (b as u64);
+        }
+        Some(value)
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct RevokedCert {
+    pub serial_number: BigUnsigned,
+    pub revocation_date: Asn1TimeUtc,
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct CrlExtensions {
+    pub authority_key_identifier: Vec<u8>,
+    pub crl_number: BigUnsigned,
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct RpkixCrl {
+    pub raw_der: Vec<u8>,
+    pub version: u32,
+    pub issuer_dn: String,
+    pub signature_algorithm_oid: String,
+    pub this_update: Asn1TimeUtc,
+    pub next_update: Asn1TimeUtc,
+    pub revoked_certs: Vec<RevokedCert>,
+    pub extensions: CrlExtensions,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, thiserror::Error)]
+pub enum CrlDecodeError {
+    #[error("X.509 CRL parse error: {0}")]
+    Parse(String),
+
+    #[error("trailing bytes after CRL DER: {0} bytes")]
+    TrailingBytes(usize),
+
+    #[error("CRL version must be v2, got {0:?}")]
+    InvalidVersion(Option<u32>),
+
+    #[error("CRL signatureAlgorithm must be sha256WithRSAEncryption ({OID_SHA256_WITH_RSA_ENCRYPTION}), got {0}")]
+    InvalidSignatureAlgorithm(String),
+
+    #[error("CRL signature algorithm parameters must be absent or NULL")]
+    InvalidSignatureAlgorithmParameters,
+
+    #[error("CRL signatureAlgorithm must match TBSCertList.signature")]
+    SignatureAlgorithmMismatch,
+
+    #[error("CRL extensions must be exactly two (AKI + CRLNumber), got {0}")]
+    InvalidExtensionsCount(usize),
+
+    #[error("unsupported CRL extension OID {0}")]
+    UnsupportedExtension(String),
+
+    #[error("duplicate CRL extension OID {0}")]
+    DuplicateExtension(String),
+
+    #[error("AuthorityKeyIdentifier must contain keyIdentifier")]
+    AkiMissingKeyIdentifier,
+
+    #[error("AuthorityKeyIdentifier must not contain authorityCertIssuer or authorityCertSerialNumber")]
+    AkiHasOtherFields,
+
+    #[error("CRLNumber must be non-critical")]
+    CrlNumberCritical,
+
+    #[error("CRLNumber out of range (must fit in 0..2^159-1)")]
+    CrlNumberOutOfRange,
+
+    #[error("CRL entry extensions must not be present")]
+    EntryExtensionsNotAllowed,
+
+    #[error("CRL nextUpdate must be present (RFC 5280 §5.1.2.5)")]
+    NextUpdateMissing,
+
+    #[error("{field} time encoding invalid for year {year}: got {encoding:?}")]
+    InvalidTimeEncoding {
+        field: &'static str,
+        year: i32,
+        encoding: Asn1TimeEncoding,
+    },
+}
+
+impl RpkixCrl {
+    /// Decode a DER-encoded X.509 v2 CRL and enforce the RPKI profile constraints from
+    /// `specs/prepare/data_models/04_crl.md` (RFC 6487 §5; RFC 9829 §3.1; RFC 5280 §5.1).
+    pub fn decode_der(der: &[u8]) -> Result<Self, CrlDecodeError> {
+        let (rem, crl) = CertificateRevocationList::from_der(der)
+            .map_err(|e| CrlDecodeError::Parse(e.to_string()))?;
+        if !rem.is_empty() {
+            return Err(CrlDecodeError::TrailingBytes(rem.len()));
+        }
+
+        let version = match crl.version() {
+            Some(X509Version::V2) => 2,
+            Some(v) => return Err(CrlDecodeError::InvalidVersion(Some(v.0))),
+            None => return Err(CrlDecodeError::InvalidVersion(None)),
+        };
+
+        let sig_oid = crl.signature_algorithm.algorithm.to_id_string();
+        let tbs_sig_oid = crl.tbs_cert_list.signature.algorithm.to_id_string();
+        if sig_oid != tbs_sig_oid {
+            return Err(CrlDecodeError::SignatureAlgorithmMismatch);
+        }
+        if sig_oid != OID_SHA256_WITH_RSA_ENCRYPTION {
+            return Err(CrlDecodeError::InvalidSignatureAlgorithm(sig_oid));
+        }
+        validate_sig_params(&crl.signature_algorithm)?;
+        validate_sig_params(&crl.tbs_cert_list.signature)?;
+
+        let extensions = parse_and_validate_extensions(crl.extensions())?;
+
+        let revoked_certs = crl
+            .iter_revoked_certificates()
+            .map(|rc| {
+                if !rc.extensions().is_empty() {
+                    return Err(CrlDecodeError::EntryExtensionsNotAllowed);
+                }
+                let revocation_date = asn1_time_to_model(rc.revocation_date);
+                validate_time_encoding("revocationDate", &revocation_date)?;
+                Ok(RevokedCert {
+                    serial_number: biguint_to_big_unsigned(rc.serial()),
+                    revocation_date,
+                })
+            })
+            .collect::<Result<Vec<_>, _>>()?;
+
+        let this_update = asn1_time_to_model(crl.last_update());
+        validate_time_encoding("thisUpdate", &this_update)?;
+
+        let next_update = crl
+            .next_update()
+            .map(asn1_time_to_model)
+            .ok_or(CrlDecodeError::NextUpdateMissing)?;
+        validate_time_encoding("nextUpdate", &next_update)?;
+
+        Ok(RpkixCrl {
+            raw_der: der.to_vec(),
+            version,
+            issuer_dn: crl.issuer().to_string(),
+            signature_algorithm_oid: OID_SHA256_WITH_RSA_ENCRYPTION.to_string(),
+            this_update,
+            next_update,
+            revoked_certs,
+            extensions,
+        })
+    }
+
+    /// Verify the cryptographic signature on this CRL using the issuer certificate.
+    ///
+    /// Signature verification needs the issuer public key (RFC 5280 §6.3.3 (f)-(g)).
+    /// In RPKI practice, this public key is obtained from the CRL issuer CA certificate
+    /// (and that certificate must already be validated up to the same trust anchor).
+    ///
+    /// This helper also performs common binding checks:
+    /// - CRL `issuer_dn` must equal issuer certificate `subject`
+    /// - if issuer KeyUsage is present, require `cRLSign`
+    /// - if issuer SKI is present, require it matches CRL AKI.keyIdentifier
+    pub fn verify_signature_with_issuer_certificate_der(
+        &self,
+        issuer_cert_der: &[u8],
+    ) -> Result<(), CrlVerifyError> {
+        let (rem, issuer_cert) = X509Certificate::from_der(issuer_cert_der)
+            .map_err(|e| CrlVerifyError::IssuerCertificateParse(e.to_string()))?;
+        if !rem.is_empty() {
+            return Err(CrlVerifyError::IssuerCertificateTrailingBytes(rem.len()));
+        }
+
+        let subject_dn = issuer_cert.subject().to_string();
+        if subject_dn != self.issuer_dn {
+            return Err(CrlVerifyError::IssuerSubjectMismatch {
+                crl_issuer_dn: self.issuer_dn.clone(),
+                issuer_subject_dn: subject_dn,
+            });
+        }
+
+        if let Some(ku) = issuer_cert
+            .key_usage()
+            .map_err(|e| CrlVerifyError::IssuerCertificateParse(e.to_string()))?
+        {
+            if !ku.value.crl_sign() {
+                return Err(CrlVerifyError::IssuerKeyUsageMissingCrlSign);
+            }
+        }
+
+        if let Some(issuer_ski) = get_subject_key_identifier(&issuer_cert) {
+            if issuer_ski != self.extensions.authority_key_identifier {
+                return Err(CrlVerifyError::AkiSkiMismatch);
+            }
+        }
+
+        self.verify_signature_with_issuer_spki(issuer_cert.public_key())
+    }
+
+    /// Verify the cryptographic signature on this CRL using the issuer SubjectPublicKeyInfo.
+    pub fn verify_signature_with_issuer_spki(
+        &self,
+        issuer_spki: &SubjectPublicKeyInfo<'_>,
+    ) -> Result<(), CrlVerifyError> {
+        let (rem, crl) = CertificateRevocationList::from_der(&self.raw_der)
+            .map_err(|e| CrlVerifyError::CrlParse(e.to_string()))?;
+        if !rem.is_empty() {
+            return Err(CrlVerifyError::CrlTrailingBytes(rem.len()));
+        }
+        crl.verify_signature(issuer_spki)
+            .map_err(|e| CrlVerifyError::InvalidSignature(e.to_string()))
+    }
+
+    /// Verify the cryptographic signature on this CRL using a DER-encoded SubjectPublicKeyInfo.
+    pub fn verify_signature_with_issuer_spki_der(
+        &self,
+        issuer_spki_der: &[u8],
+    ) -> Result<(), CrlVerifyError> {
+        let (rem, spki) = SubjectPublicKeyInfo::from_der(issuer_spki_der)
+            .map_err(|e| CrlVerifyError::IssuerSpkiParse(e.to_string()))?;
+        if !rem.is_empty() {
+            return Err(CrlVerifyError::IssuerSpkiTrailingBytes(rem.len()));
+        }
+        self.verify_signature_with_issuer_spki(&spki)
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, thiserror::Error)]
+pub enum CrlVerifyError {
+    #[error("issuer certificate parse error: {0}")]
+    IssuerCertificateParse(String),
+
+    #[error("trailing bytes after issuer certificate DER: {0} bytes")]
+    IssuerCertificateTrailingBytes(usize),
+
+    #[error("issuer SubjectPublicKeyInfo parse error: {0}")]
+    IssuerSpkiParse(String),
+
+    #[error("trailing bytes after issuer SubjectPublicKeyInfo DER: {0} bytes")]
+    IssuerSpkiTrailingBytes(usize),
+
+    #[error("CRL parse error: {0}")]
+    CrlParse(String),
+
+    #[error("trailing bytes after CRL DER: {0} bytes")]
+    CrlTrailingBytes(usize),
+
+    #[error("CRL issuer DN does not match issuer certificate subject")]
+    IssuerSubjectMismatch {
+        crl_issuer_dn: String,
+        issuer_subject_dn: String,
+    },
+
+    #[error("issuer certificate keyUsage present but missing cRLSign")]
+    IssuerKeyUsageMissingCrlSign,
+
+    #[error("CRL AKI.keyIdentifier does not match issuer certificate SKI")]
+    AkiSkiMismatch,
+
+    #[error("CRL signature verification failed: {0}")]
+    InvalidSignature(String),
+}
+
+fn asn1_time_to_model(t: x509_parser::time::ASN1Time) -> Asn1TimeUtc {
+    let encoding = if t.is_utctime() {
+        Asn1TimeEncoding::UtcTime
+    } else {
+        Asn1TimeEncoding::GeneralizedTime
+    };
+    Asn1TimeUtc {
+        utc: t.to_datetime(),
+        encoding,
+    }
+}
+
+fn validate_time_encoding(field: &'static str, t: &Asn1TimeUtc) -> Result<(), CrlDecodeError> {
+    let year = t.utc.year();
+    let expected = if year <= 2049 {
+        Asn1TimeEncoding::UtcTime
+    } else {
+        Asn1TimeEncoding::GeneralizedTime
+    };
+    if t.encoding != expected {
+        return Err(CrlDecodeError::InvalidTimeEncoding {
+            field,
+            year,
+            encoding: t.encoding,
+        });
+    }
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+fn validate_sig_params(sig: &AlgorithmIdentifier<'_>) -> Result<(), CrlDecodeError> {
+    match sig.parameters.as_ref() {
+        None => Ok(()),
+        Some(p) if p.tag() == Tag::Null => Ok(()),
+        Some(_p) => Err(CrlDecodeError::InvalidSignatureAlgorithmParameters),
+    }
+}
+
+fn parse_and_validate_extensions(exts: &[X509Extension<'_>]) -> Result<CrlExtensions, CrlDecodeError> {
+    if exts.len() != 2 {
+        return Err(CrlDecodeError::InvalidExtensionsCount(exts.len()));
+    }
+
+    let mut authority_key_identifier: Option<Vec<u8>> = None;
+    let mut crl_number: Option<BigUnsigned> = None;
+
+    for ext in exts {
+        let oid = ext.oid.to_id_string();
+        match oid.as_str() {
+            OID_AUTHORITY_KEY_IDENTIFIER => {
+                if authority_key_identifier.is_some() {
+                    return Err(CrlDecodeError::DuplicateExtension(oid));
+                }
+                let aki = parse_aki(ext)?;
+                authority_key_identifier = Some(aki);
+            }
+            OID_CRL_NUMBER => {
+                if crl_number.is_some() {
+                    return Err(CrlDecodeError::DuplicateExtension(oid));
+                }
+                if ext.critical {
+                    return Err(CrlDecodeError::CrlNumberCritical);
+                }
+                let n = parse_crl_number(ext)?;
+                if n.bits() > 159 {
+                    return Err(CrlDecodeError::CrlNumberOutOfRange);
+                }
+                crl_number = Some(biguint_to_big_unsigned(&n));
+            }
+            _ => return Err(CrlDecodeError::UnsupportedExtension(oid)),
+        }
+    }
+
+    Ok(CrlExtensions {
+        authority_key_identifier: authority_key_identifier.unwrap(),
+        crl_number: crl_number.unwrap(),
+    })
+}
+
+fn parse_aki(ext: &X509Extension<'_>) -> Result<Vec<u8>, CrlDecodeError> {
+    let ParsedExtension::AuthorityKeyIdentifier(aki) = ext.parsed_extension() else {
+        return Err(CrlDecodeError::Parse("AKI extension parse failed".into()));
+    };
+    validate_aki_profile(aki)?;
+    Ok(aki
+        .key_identifier
+        .as_ref()
+        .ok_or(CrlDecodeError::AkiMissingKeyIdentifier)?
+        .0
+        .to_vec())
+}
+
+fn validate_aki_profile(aki: &AuthorityKeyIdentifier<'_>) -> Result<(), CrlDecodeError> {
+    if aki.key_identifier.is_none() {
+        return Err(CrlDecodeError::AkiMissingKeyIdentifier);
+    }
+    if aki.authority_cert_issuer.is_some() || aki.authority_cert_serial.is_some() {
+        return Err(CrlDecodeError::AkiHasOtherFields);
+    }
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+fn parse_crl_number(ext: &X509Extension<'_>) -> Result<der_parser::num_bigint::BigUint, CrlDecodeError> {
+    match ext.parsed_extension() {
+        ParsedExtension::CRLNumber(n) => Ok(n.clone()),
+        ParsedExtension::ParseError { error } => Err(CrlDecodeError::Parse(error.to_string())),
+        _ => Err(CrlDecodeError::Parse("CRLNumber extension parse failed".into())),
+    }
+}
+
+fn biguint_to_big_unsigned(n: &der_parser::num_bigint::BigUint) -> BigUnsigned {
+    let mut bytes = n.to_bytes_be();
+    if bytes.is_empty() {
+        bytes.push(0);
+    }
+    BigUnsigned { bytes_be: bytes }
+}
+
+fn get_subject_key_identifier(cert: &X509Certificate<'_>) -> Option<Vec<u8>> {
+    cert.extensions()
+        .iter()
+        .find(|ext| ext.oid.to_id_string() == OID_SUBJECT_KEY_IDENTIFIER)
+        .and_then(|ext| match ext.parsed_extension() {
+            ParsedExtension::SubjectKeyIdentifier(ki) => Some(ki.0.to_vec()),
+            _ => None,
+        })
+}
diff --git a/src/data_model/mod.rs b/src/data_model/mod.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d20a38c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/data_model/mod.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+pub mod crl;
+
diff --git a/src/lib.rs b/src/lib.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c0dd03b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib.rs
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+pub mod data_model;
diff --git a/tests/fixtures/0099DEAB073EFD74C250C0A382B25012B5082AEE.crl b/tests/fixtures/0099DEAB073EFD74C250C0A382B25012B5082AEE.crl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e5b446a
Binary files /dev/null and b/tests/fixtures/0099DEAB073EFD74C250C0A382B25012B5082AEE.crl differ
diff --git a/tests/fixtures/05FC9C5B88506F7C0D3F862C8895BED67E9F8EBA.crl b/tests/fixtures/05FC9C5B88506F7C0D3F862C8895BED67E9F8EBA.crl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6b488ad
Binary files /dev/null and b/tests/fixtures/05FC9C5B88506F7C0D3F862C8895BED67E9F8EBA.crl differ
diff --git a/tests/fixtures/repository/rpki.apnic.net/repository/B527EF581D6611E2BB468F7C72FD1FF2/BfycW4hQb3wNP4YsiJW-1n6fjro.cer b/tests/fixtures/repository/rpki.apnic.net/repository/B527EF581D6611E2BB468F7C72FD1FF2/BfycW4hQb3wNP4YsiJW-1n6fjro.cer
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diff --git a/tests/test_crl_decode.rs b/tests/test_crl_decode.rs
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+++ b/tests/test_crl_decode.rs
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+use std::path::PathBuf;
+
+use rpki::data_model::crl::RpkixCrl;
+use rpki::data_model::crl::Asn1TimeEncoding;
+
+#[test]
+fn decode_and_validate_crl_fixture() {
+    let path = PathBuf::from("tests/fixtures/05FC9C5B88506F7C0D3F862C8895BED67E9F8EBA.crl");
+    let der = std::fs::read(&path).expect("read CRL fixture");
+
+    let crl = RpkixCrl::decode_der(&der).expect("decode CRL");
+
+    assert_eq!(crl.version, 2);
+    assert_eq!(crl.signature_algorithm_oid, "1.2.840.113549.1.1.11");
+    assert_eq!(crl.this_update.encoding, Asn1TimeEncoding::UtcTime);
+    assert_eq!(crl.next_update.encoding, Asn1TimeEncoding::UtcTime);
+    assert_eq!(
+        hex::encode_upper(&crl.extensions.authority_key_identifier),
+        "05FC9C5B88506F7C0D3F862C8895BED67E9F8EBA"
+    );
+    assert_eq!(crl.extensions.crl_number.bytes_be, vec![12]);
+    assert!(crl.revoked_certs.is_empty());
+
+    println!("{crl:#?}");
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn crl_signature_verification_succeeds_with_issuer_cert() {
+    let crl_der = std::fs::read(
+        "tests/fixtures/repository/rpki.cernet.net/repo/cernet/0/05FC9C5B88506F7C0D3F862C8895BED67E9F8EBA.crl",
+    )
+    .expect("read CRL fixture");
+    let issuer_cert_der = std::fs::read(
+        "tests/fixtures/repository/rpki.apnic.net/repository/B527EF581D6611E2BB468F7C72FD1FF2/BfycW4hQb3wNP4YsiJW-1n6fjro.cer",
+    )
+    .expect("read issuer certificate fixture");
+
+    let crl = RpkixCrl::decode_der(&crl_der).expect("decode CRL");
+    crl.verify_signature_with_issuer_certificate_der(&issuer_cert_der)
+        .expect("CRL signature must verify with issuer certificate");
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn decode_crl_with_revoked_entries() {
+    let der =
+        std::fs::read("tests/fixtures/0099DEAB073EFD74C250C0A382B25012B5082AEE.crl")
+            .expect("read CRL fixture with revoked entries");
+
+    let crl = RpkixCrl::decode_der(&der).expect("decode CRL");
+
+    assert_eq!(crl.revoked_certs.len(), 21);
+    for entry in &crl.revoked_certs {
+        assert!(!entry.serial_number.bytes_be.is_empty());
+        // 0 should be encoded as [0], otherwise no leading zero bytes.
+        if entry.serial_number.bytes_be.len() > 1 {
+            assert_ne!(entry.serial_number.bytes_be[0], 0);
+        }
+        let year = entry.revocation_date.utc.year();
+        let expected = if year <= 2049 {
+            Asn1TimeEncoding::UtcTime
+        } else {
+            Asn1TimeEncoding::GeneralizedTime
+        };
+        assert_eq!(entry.revocation_date.encoding, expected);
+    }
+
+    println!("{crl:#?}");
+}