diff --git a/Cargo.toml b/Cargo.toml
index 620bd39..21e546e 100644
--- a/Cargo.toml
+++ b/Cargo.toml
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ serde_cbor = "0.11.2"
 roxmltree = "0.20.0"
 quick-xml = "0.37.2"
 uuid = { version = "1.7.0", features = ["v4"] }
-reqwest = { version = "0.12.12", default-features = false, features = ["blocking", "rustls-tls"] }
+reqwest = { version = "0.12.12", default-features = false, features = ["blocking", "rustls-tls", "gzip", "brotli", "deflate"] }
 pprof = { version = "0.14.1", optional = true, features = ["flamegraph", "prost-codec"] }
 flate2 = { version = "1.0.35", optional = true }
 tempfile = "3.16.0"
diff --git a/scripts/compare/run_perf_compare_quick_remote.sh b/scripts/compare/run_perf_compare_quick_remote.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..996feff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/scripts/compare/run_perf_compare_quick_remote.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,263 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+set -euo pipefail
+
+usage() {
+  cat <<'EOF'
+Usage:
+  ./scripts/compare/run_perf_compare_quick_remote.sh \
+    --run-root <path> \
+    --remote-root <path> \
+    [--ssh-target <user@host>] \
+    [--rpki-client-bin <path>] \
+    [--libtls-path <path>] \
+    [--dry-run]
+EOF
+}
+
+ROOT_DIR="$(cd "$(dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")/../.." && pwd)"
+RUN_ROOT=""
+REMOTE_ROOT=""
+SSH_TARGET="${SSH_TARGET:-root@47.251.56.108}"
+RPKI_CLIENT_BIN="${RPKI_CLIENT_BIN:-/home/yuyr/dev/rpki-client-9.7/build-m5/src/rpki-client}"
+LIBTLS_PATH="${LIBTLS_PATH:-/home/yuyr/dev/rpki-client-9.7/.deps/libtls/root/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libtls.so.28.0.0}"
+DRY_RUN=0
+
+while [[ $# -gt 0 ]]; do
+  case "$1" in
+    --run-root) RUN_ROOT="$2"; shift 2 ;;
+    --remote-root) REMOTE_ROOT="$2"; shift 2 ;;
+    --ssh-target) SSH_TARGET="$2"; shift 2 ;;
+    --rpki-client-bin) RPKI_CLIENT_BIN="$2"; shift 2 ;;
+    --libtls-path) LIBTLS_PATH="$2"; shift 2 ;;
+    --dry-run) DRY_RUN=1; shift ;;
+    -h|--help) usage; exit 0 ;;
+    *) echo "unknown argument: $1" >&2; usage; exit 2 ;;
+  esac
+done
+
+[[ -n "$RUN_ROOT" && -n "$REMOTE_ROOT" ]] || { usage >&2; exit 2; }
+[[ "$DRY_RUN" -eq 1 || -x "$RPKI_CLIENT_BIN" ]] || { echo "rpki-client binary not executable: $RPKI_CLIENT_BIN" >&2; exit 2; }
+[[ "$DRY_RUN" -eq 1 || -f "$LIBTLS_PATH" ]] || { echo "libtls not found: $LIBTLS_PATH" >&2; exit 2; }
+
+RUN_ROOT="$(python3 - <<'PY' "$RUN_ROOT"
+from pathlib import Path
+import sys
+print(Path(sys.argv[1]).resolve())
+PY
+)"
+
+mkdir -p "$RUN_ROOT/steps/step-001/ours" "$RUN_ROOT/steps/step-001/rpki-client" "$RUN_ROOT/steps/step-001/compare"
+mkdir -p "$RUN_ROOT/steps/step-002/ours" "$RUN_ROOT/steps/step-002/rpki-client" "$RUN_ROOT/steps/step-002/compare"
+
+APNIC_TAL="$ROOT_DIR/tests/fixtures/tal/apnic-rfc7730-https.tal"
+APNIC_TA="$ROOT_DIR/tests/fixtures/ta/apnic-ta.cer"
+ARIN_TAL="$ROOT_DIR/tests/fixtures/tal/arin.tal"
+ARIN_TA="$ROOT_DIR/tests/fixtures/ta/arin-ta.cer"
+
+if [[ "$DRY_RUN" -eq 1 ]]; then
+  cat <<EOF2
+workflow_name=性能对比测试快速版
+scope=APNIC+ARIN mixed release two-step synchronized compare
+run_root=$RUN_ROOT
+remote_root=$REMOTE_ROOT
+ssh_target=$SSH_TARGET
+EOF2
+  exit 0
+fi
+
+if [[ ! -x "$ROOT_DIR/target/release/rpki" || ! -x "$ROOT_DIR/target/release/ccr_to_compare_views" ]]; then
+  (
+    cd "$ROOT_DIR"
+    cargo build --release --bin rpki --bin ccr_to_compare_views
+  )
+fi
+
+ssh "$SSH_TARGET" "set -e; id -u _rpki-client >/dev/null 2>&1 || useradd -r -M -s /usr/sbin/nologin _rpki-client || true; rm -rf '$REMOTE_ROOT'; mkdir -p '$REMOTE_ROOT/bin' '$REMOTE_ROOT/lib' '$REMOTE_ROOT/state/ours' '$REMOTE_ROOT/state/rpki-client' '$REMOTE_ROOT/steps/step-001/ours' '$REMOTE_ROOT/steps/step-001/rpki-client' '$REMOTE_ROOT/steps/step-002/ours' '$REMOTE_ROOT/steps/step-002/rpki-client'"
+scp "$ROOT_DIR/target/release/rpki" "$APNIC_TAL" "$APNIC_TA" "$ARIN_TAL" "$ARIN_TA" "$SSH_TARGET:$REMOTE_ROOT/"
+scp "$RPKI_CLIENT_BIN" "$SSH_TARGET:$REMOTE_ROOT/bin/rpki-client"
+scp "$LIBTLS_PATH" "$SSH_TARGET:$REMOTE_ROOT/lib/libtls.so.28"
+
+run_step() {
+  local step_id="$1"
+  local kind="$2"
+  local local_step="$RUN_ROOT/steps/$step_id"
+
+  ssh "$SSH_TARGET" bash -s -- "$REMOTE_ROOT" "$step_id" "$kind" <<'EOS'
+set -euo pipefail
+REMOTE_ROOT="$1"
+STEP_ID="$2"
+KIND="$3"
+
+cd "$REMOTE_ROOT"
+mkdir -p "steps/$STEP_ID/ours" "steps/$STEP_ID/rpki-client"
+
+if [[ "$KIND" == "snapshot" ]]; then
+  rm -rf state/ours/work-db state/ours/raw-store.db state/rpki-client/cache state/rpki-client/out state/rpki-client/ta state/rpki-client/.ta
+fi
+mkdir -p state/ours/work-db state/ours/raw-store.db state/rpki-client/cache state/rpki-client/out state/rpki-client/ta state/rpki-client/.ta
+chmod 0777 state/ours/work-db state/ours/raw-store.db
+chmod -R 0777 state/rpki-client
+
+START_EPOCH="$(python3 - <<'PY'
+import time
+print(time.time() + 3.0)
+PY
+)"
+
+(
+  python3 - <<'PY' "$START_EPOCH"
+import sys, time
+x = float(sys.argv[1])
+d = x - time.time()
+if d > 0:
+    time.sleep(d)
+PY
+  started_ms="$(python3 - <<'PY'
+import time
+print(int(time.time() * 1000))
+PY
+)"
+  set +e
+  env RPKI_PROGRESS_LOG=1 RPKI_PROGRESS_SLOW_SECS=0 ./rpki \
+    --db state/ours/work-db \
+    --raw-store-db state/ours/raw-store.db \
+    --tal-path apnic-rfc7730-https.tal --ta-path apnic-ta.cer \
+    --tal-path arin.tal --ta-path arin-ta.cer \
+    --parallel-phase1 \
+    --ccr-out "steps/$STEP_ID/ours/result.ccr" \
+    --report-json "steps/$STEP_ID/ours/report.json" \
+    > "steps/$STEP_ID/ours/run.log" 2>&1
+  exit_code=$?
+  set -e
+  finished_ms="$(python3 - <<'PY'
+import time
+print(int(time.time() * 1000))
+PY
+)"
+  python3 - <<'PY' "steps/$STEP_ID/ours/round-result.json" "$STEP_ID" "$KIND" "$started_ms" "$finished_ms" "$exit_code"
+import json, sys
+path, step_id, kind, started_ms, finished_ms, exit_code = sys.argv[1:]
+json.dump(
+    {
+        "stepId": step_id,
+        "kind": kind,
+        "durationMs": int(finished_ms) - int(started_ms),
+        "exitCode": int(exit_code),
+    },
+    open(path, "w"),
+    indent=2,
+)
+PY
+) &
+OURS_PID=$!
+
+(
+  cd state/rpki-client
+  python3 - <<'PY' "$START_EPOCH"
+import sys, time
+x = float(sys.argv[1])
+d = x - time.time()
+if d > 0:
+    time.sleep(d)
+PY
+  started_ms="$(python3 - <<'PY'
+import time
+print(int(time.time() * 1000))
+PY
+)"
+  set +e
+  LD_LIBRARY_PATH="$REMOTE_ROOT/lib${LD_LIBRARY_PATH:+:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH}" "$REMOTE_ROOT/bin/rpki-client" \
+    -vv \
+    -t ../../apnic-rfc7730-https.tal \
+    -t ../../arin.tal \
+    -d cache out \
+    > "$REMOTE_ROOT/steps/$STEP_ID/rpki-client/run.log" 2>&1
+  exit_code=$?
+  set -e
+  cp out/rpki.ccr "$REMOTE_ROOT/steps/$STEP_ID/rpki-client/result.ccr" 2>/dev/null || true
+  cp out/openbgpd "$REMOTE_ROOT/steps/$STEP_ID/rpki-client/openbgpd" 2>/dev/null || true
+  finished_ms="$(python3 - <<'PY'
+import time
+print(int(time.time() * 1000))
+PY
+)"
+  python3 - <<'PY' "$REMOTE_ROOT/steps/$STEP_ID/rpki-client/round-result.json" "$STEP_ID" "$KIND" "$started_ms" "$finished_ms" "$exit_code"
+import json, sys
+path, step_id, kind, started_ms, finished_ms, exit_code = sys.argv[1:]
+json.dump(
+    {
+        "stepId": step_id,
+        "kind": kind,
+        "durationMs": int(finished_ms) - int(started_ms),
+        "exitCode": int(exit_code),
+    },
+    open(path, "w"),
+    indent=2,
+)
+PY
+) &
+CLIENT_PID=$!
+
+wait "$OURS_PID"
+wait "$CLIENT_PID"
+EOS
+
+  for rel in result.ccr round-result.json run.log stage-timing.json; do
+    scp -C "$SSH_TARGET:$REMOTE_ROOT/steps/$step_id/ours/$rel" "$local_step/ours/"
+  done
+  for rel in result.ccr round-result.json run.log openbgpd; do
+    scp -C "$SSH_TARGET:$REMOTE_ROOT/steps/$step_id/rpki-client/$rel" "$local_step/rpki-client/" || true
+  done
+
+  "$ROOT_DIR/scripts/periodic/compare_ccr_round.sh" \
+    --ours-ccr "$local_step/ours/result.ccr" \
+    --rpki-client-ccr "$local_step/rpki-client/result.ccr" \
+    --out-dir "$local_step/compare" \
+    --trust-anchor unknown >/dev/null
+
+  python3 - <<'PY' "$local_step/ours/round-result.json" "$local_step/rpki-client/round-result.json" "$local_step/ours/stage-timing.json" "$local_step/compare/compare-summary.json" "$local_step/step-summary.json"
+import json, sys
+ours = json.load(open(sys.argv[1]))
+client = json.load(open(sys.argv[2]))
+stage = json.load(open(sys.argv[3]))
+compare = json.load(open(sys.argv[4]))
+json.dump(
+    {
+        "stepId": ours["stepId"],
+        "kind": ours["kind"],
+        "oursDurationMs": ours["durationMs"],
+        "rpkiClientDurationMs": client["durationMs"],
+        "oursExitCode": ours["exitCode"],
+        "rpkiClientExitCode": client["exitCode"],
+        "oursTotalMs": stage["total_ms"],
+        "oursRepoSyncMsTotal": stage["repo_sync_ms_total"],
+        "oursVrps": compare["vrps"]["ours"],
+        "rpkiClientVrps": compare["vrps"]["rpkiClient"],
+        "oursVaps": compare["vaps"]["ours"],
+        "rpkiClientVaps": compare["vaps"]["rpkiClient"],
+        "vrpMatch": compare["vrps"]["match"],
+        "vapMatch": compare["vaps"]["match"],
+        "allMatch": compare["allMatch"],
+        "onlyInOurs": len(compare["vrps"]["onlyInOurs"]),
+        "onlyInRpkiClient": len(compare["vrps"]["onlyInRpkiClient"]),
+    },
+    open(sys.argv[5], "w"),
+    indent=2,
+)
+PY
+}
+
+run_step step-001 snapshot
+run_step step-002 delta
+
+python3 - <<'PY' "$RUN_ROOT/steps/step-001/step-summary.json" "$RUN_ROOT/steps/step-002/step-summary.json" "$RUN_ROOT/summary.json"
+import json, sys
+steps = [json.load(open(p)) for p in sys.argv[1:3]]
+summary = {
+    "workflowName": "性能对比测试快速版",
+    "scope": "APNIC+ARIN mixed release two-step synchronized compare",
+    "steps": steps,
+}
+json.dump(summary, open(sys.argv[3], "w"), indent=2, ensure_ascii=False)
+print(json.dumps(summary, indent=2, ensure_ascii=False))
+PY
diff --git a/scripts/periodic/run_apnic_parallel_dual_rp_periodic_ccr_compare.sh b/scripts/periodic/run_apnic_parallel_dual_rp_periodic_ccr_compare.sh
index ca10df4..a7886e7 100755
--- a/scripts/periodic/run_apnic_parallel_dual_rp_periodic_ccr_compare.sh
+++ b/scripts/periodic/run_apnic_parallel_dual_rp_periodic_ccr_compare.sh
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ RUN_ROOT=""
 SSH_TARGET="${SSH_TARGET:-root@47.77.183.68}"
 REMOTE_ROOT=""
 RPKI_CLIENT_BIN="${RPKI_CLIENT_BIN:-/home/yuyr/dev/rpki-client-9.7/build-m5/src/rpki-client}"
+RPKI_CLIENT_LIBTLS_PATH="${RPKI_CLIENT_LIBTLS_PATH:-/home/yuyr/dev/rpki-client-9.7/.deps/libtls/root/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libtls.so.28}"
 ROUND_COUNT=10
 INTERVAL_SECS=600
 START_AT=""
@@ -32,6 +33,7 @@ while [[ $# -gt 0 ]]; do
     --ssh-target) SSH_TARGET="$2"; shift 2 ;;
     --remote-root) REMOTE_ROOT="$2"; shift 2 ;;
     --rpki-client-bin) RPKI_CLIENT_BIN="$2"; shift 2 ;;
+    --rpki-client-libtls) RPKI_CLIENT_LIBTLS_PATH="$2"; shift 2 ;;
     --round-count) ROUND_COUNT="$2"; shift 2 ;;
     --interval-secs) INTERVAL_SECS="$2"; shift 2 ;;
     --start-at) START_AT="$2"; shift 2 ;;
@@ -47,6 +49,7 @@ done
 if [[ "$DRY_RUN" -ne 1 ]]; then
   [[ -n "$REMOTE_ROOT" ]] || { echo "--remote-root is required unless --dry-run" >&2; exit 2; }
   [[ -x "$RPKI_CLIENT_BIN" ]] || { echo "rpki-client binary not executable: $RPKI_CLIENT_BIN" >&2; exit 2; }
+  [[ -f "$RPKI_CLIENT_LIBTLS_PATH" ]] || { echo "rpki-client libtls not found: $RPKI_CLIENT_LIBTLS_PATH" >&2; exit 2; }
 fi
 
 mkdir -p "$RUN_ROOT"
@@ -143,9 +146,10 @@ rsync -a --delete \
   --exclude target \
   --exclude .git \
   "$ROOT_DIR/" "$SSH_TARGET:$REMOTE_ROOT/repo/"
-ssh "$SSH_TARGET" "mkdir -p '$REMOTE_ROOT/repo/target/release' '$REMOTE_ROOT/bin' '$REMOTE_ROOT/rounds' '$REMOTE_ROOT/state/ours' '$REMOTE_ROOT/state/rpki-client'"
+ssh "$SSH_TARGET" "mkdir -p '$REMOTE_ROOT/repo/target/release' '$REMOTE_ROOT/bin' '$REMOTE_ROOT/lib' '$REMOTE_ROOT/rounds' '$REMOTE_ROOT/state/ours' '$REMOTE_ROOT/state/rpki-client'"
 rsync -a "$ROOT_DIR/target/release/rpki" "$SSH_TARGET:$REMOTE_ROOT/repo/target/release/"
 rsync -a "$RPKI_CLIENT_BIN" "$SSH_TARGET:$REMOTE_ROOT/bin/rpki-client"
+rsync -aL "$RPKI_CLIENT_LIBTLS_PATH" "$SSH_TARGET:$REMOTE_ROOT/lib/libtls.so.28"
 
 for idx in $(seq 1 "$ROUND_COUNT"); do
   ROUND_ID="$(printf 'round-%03d' "$idx")"
diff --git a/scripts/periodic/run_apnic_rpki_client_round_remote.sh b/scripts/periodic/run_apnic_rpki_client_round_remote.sh
index dd5fc8c..9c7ffcf 100755
--- a/scripts/periodic/run_apnic_rpki_client_round_remote.sh
+++ b/scripts/periodic/run_apnic_rpki_client_round_remote.sh
@@ -87,8 +87,8 @@ mkdir -p "$REMOTE_OUT"
 if [[ "$KIND" == "snapshot" ]]; then
   rm -rf "$REMOTE_CACHE" "$REMOTE_STATE_OUT" "$REMOTE_STATE_ROOT/ta" "$REMOTE_STATE_ROOT/.ta"
 fi
-mkdir -p "$REMOTE_CACHE" "$REMOTE_STATE_OUT"
-chmod 0777 "$REMOTE_STATE_ROOT" "$REMOTE_CACHE" "$REMOTE_STATE_OUT"
+mkdir -p "$REMOTE_CACHE" "$REMOTE_STATE_OUT" "$REMOTE_STATE_ROOT/ta" "$REMOTE_STATE_ROOT/.ta"
+chmod -R 0777 "$REMOTE_STATE_ROOT"
 
 started_at_iso="$(date -u +%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ)"
 started_at_ms="$(python3 - <<'PY'
@@ -104,7 +104,8 @@ meta_out="$REMOTE_OUT/round-result.json"
 set +e
 (
   cd "$REMOTE_STATE_ROOT"
-  "$REMOTE_BIN" -vv -t "../../repo/tests/fixtures/tal/apnic-rfc7730-https.tal" -d "cache" "out"
+  LD_LIBRARY_PATH="$REMOTE_ROOT/lib${LD_LIBRARY_PATH:+:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH}" \
+    "$REMOTE_BIN" -vv -t "../../repo/tests/fixtures/tal/apnic-rfc7730-https.tal" -d "cache" "out"
 ) >"$run_log" 2>&1
 exit_code=$?
 set -e
diff --git a/scripts/periodic/run_arin_dual_rp_periodic_ccr_compare.sh b/scripts/periodic/run_arin_dual_rp_periodic_ccr_compare.sh
index ccd1cf7..aff5721 100755
--- a/scripts/periodic/run_arin_dual_rp_periodic_ccr_compare.sh
+++ b/scripts/periodic/run_arin_dual_rp_periodic_ccr_compare.sh
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ RUN_ROOT=""
 SSH_TARGET="${SSH_TARGET:-root@47.77.183.68}"
 REMOTE_ROOT=""
 RPKI_CLIENT_BIN="${RPKI_CLIENT_BIN:-/home/yuyr/dev/rpki-client-9.7/build-m5/src/rpki-client}"
+RPKI_CLIENT_LIBTLS_PATH="${RPKI_CLIENT_LIBTLS_PATH:-/home/yuyr/dev/rpki-client-9.7/.deps/libtls/root/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libtls.so.28}"
 ROUND_COUNT=10
 INTERVAL_SECS=600
 START_AT=""
@@ -37,6 +38,7 @@ while [[ $# -gt 0 ]]; do
     --ssh-target) SSH_TARGET="$2"; shift 2 ;;
     --remote-root) REMOTE_ROOT="$2"; shift 2 ;;
     --rpki-client-bin) RPKI_CLIENT_BIN="$2"; shift 2 ;;
+    --rpki-client-libtls) RPKI_CLIENT_LIBTLS_PATH="$2"; shift 2 ;;
     --round-count) ROUND_COUNT="$2"; shift 2 ;;
     --interval-secs) INTERVAL_SECS="$2"; shift 2 ;;
     --start-at) START_AT="$2"; shift 2 ;;
@@ -52,6 +54,7 @@ done
 if [[ "$DRY_RUN" -ne 1 ]]; then
   [[ -n "$REMOTE_ROOT" ]] || { echo "--remote-root is required unless --dry-run" >&2; exit 2; }
   [[ -x "$RPKI_CLIENT_BIN" ]] || { echo "rpki-client binary not executable: $RPKI_CLIENT_BIN" >&2; exit 2; }
+  [[ -f "$RPKI_CLIENT_LIBTLS_PATH" ]] || { echo "rpki-client libtls not found: $RPKI_CLIENT_LIBTLS_PATH" >&2; exit 2; }
 fi
 
 mkdir -p "$RUN_ROOT"
@@ -180,9 +183,10 @@ rsync -a --delete \
   --exclude target \
   --exclude .git \
   "$ROOT_DIR/" "$SSH_TARGET:$REMOTE_ROOT/repo/"
-ssh "$SSH_TARGET" "mkdir -p '$REMOTE_ROOT/repo/target/release' '$REMOTE_ROOT/bin' '$REMOTE_ROOT/rounds' '$REMOTE_ROOT/state/ours' '$REMOTE_ROOT/state/rpki-client'"
+ssh "$SSH_TARGET" "mkdir -p '$REMOTE_ROOT/repo/target/release' '$REMOTE_ROOT/bin' '$REMOTE_ROOT/lib' '$REMOTE_ROOT/rounds' '$REMOTE_ROOT/state/ours' '$REMOTE_ROOT/state/rpki-client'"
 rsync -a "$ROOT_DIR/target/release/rpki" "$SSH_TARGET:$REMOTE_ROOT/repo/target/release/"
 rsync -a "$RPKI_CLIENT_BIN" "$SSH_TARGET:$REMOTE_ROOT/bin/rpki-client"
+rsync -aL "$RPKI_CLIENT_LIBTLS_PATH" "$SSH_TARGET:$REMOTE_ROOT/lib/libtls.so.28"
 
 for idx in $(seq 1 "$ROUND_COUNT"); do
   ROUND_ID="$(printf 'round-%03d' "$idx")"
diff --git a/scripts/periodic/run_arin_rpki_client_round_remote.sh b/scripts/periodic/run_arin_rpki_client_round_remote.sh
index e4e39f1..cb57240 100755
--- a/scripts/periodic/run_arin_rpki_client_round_remote.sh
+++ b/scripts/periodic/run_arin_rpki_client_round_remote.sh
@@ -88,8 +88,8 @@ mkdir -p "$REMOTE_OUT"
 if [[ "$KIND" == "snapshot" ]]; then
   rm -rf "$REMOTE_CACHE" "$REMOTE_STATE_OUT" "$REMOTE_STATE_ROOT/ta" "$REMOTE_STATE_ROOT/.ta"
 fi
-mkdir -p "$REMOTE_CACHE" "$REMOTE_STATE_OUT"
-chmod 0777 "$REMOTE_STATE_ROOT" "$REMOTE_CACHE" "$REMOTE_STATE_OUT"
+mkdir -p "$REMOTE_CACHE" "$REMOTE_STATE_OUT" "$REMOTE_STATE_ROOT/ta" "$REMOTE_STATE_ROOT/.ta"
+chmod -R 0777 "$REMOTE_STATE_ROOT"
 
 started_at_iso="$(date -u +%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ)"
 started_at_ms="$(python3 - <<'PY'
@@ -106,7 +106,8 @@ meta_out="$REMOTE_OUT/round-result.json"
 set +e
 (
   cd "$REMOTE_STATE_ROOT"
-  "$REMOTE_BIN" -vv -t "../../repo/tests/fixtures/tal/arin.tal" -d "cache" "out"
+  LD_LIBRARY_PATH="$REMOTE_ROOT/lib${LD_LIBRARY_PATH:+:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH}" \
+    "$REMOTE_BIN" -vv -t "../../repo/tests/fixtures/tal/arin.tal" -d "cache" "out"
 ) >"$run_log" 2>&1
 exit_code=$?
 set -e
diff --git a/src/audit_trace.rs b/src/audit_trace.rs
index f1e5ec0..1a2d131 100644
--- a/src/audit_trace.rs
+++ b/src/audit_trace.rs
@@ -134,7 +134,12 @@ pub fn trace_rule_to_root(
     Ok(Some(AuditRuleTrace {
         rule,
         resolved_output: resolved_output_from_local(&local_output),
-        source_object_raw: resolve_raw_ref(store, &local_output.source_object_hash)?,
+        source_object_raw: resolve_raw_ref(
+            store,
+            &local_output.source_object_hash,
+            Some(&local_output.source_object_uri),
+            Some(local_output.source_object_type.as_str()),
+        )?,
         source_ee_cert_raw: resolve_source_ee_cert_raw_ref(store, &local_output)?,
         chain_leaf_to_root: chain,
     }))
@@ -184,7 +189,12 @@ fn trace_chain_node(
             uri: artifact.uri.clone(),
             object_type: artifact.object_type.clone(),
             validation_status: artifact.validation_status,
-            raw: resolve_raw_ref(store, &artifact.sha256)?,
+            raw: resolve_raw_ref(
+                store,
+                &artifact.sha256,
+                artifact.uri.as_deref(),
+                artifact.object_type.as_deref(),
+            )?,
         });
     }
 
@@ -225,9 +235,27 @@ fn resolved_output_from_local(local: &VcirLocalOutput) -> AuditTraceResolvedOutp
 fn resolve_raw_ref(
     store: &RocksStore,
     sha256_hex: &str,
+    fallback_uri: Option<&str>,
+    fallback_object_type: Option<&str>,
 ) -> Result<AuditTraceRawRef, AuditTraceError> {
     let raw = store.get_raw_by_hash_entry(sha256_hex)?;
-    Ok(raw_ref_from_entry(sha256_hex, raw.as_ref()))
+    if raw.is_some() {
+        return Ok(raw_ref_from_entry(sha256_hex, raw.as_ref()));
+    }
+
+    let blob = store.get_blob_bytes(sha256_hex)?;
+    match blob {
+        Some(bytes) => Ok(AuditTraceRawRef {
+            sha256_hex: sha256_hex.to_string(),
+            raw_present: true,
+            origin_uris: fallback_uri
+                .map(|uri| vec![uri.to_string()])
+                .unwrap_or_default(),
+            object_type: fallback_object_type.map(str::to_string),
+            byte_len: Some(bytes.len()),
+        }),
+        None => Ok(raw_ref_from_entry(sha256_hex, None)),
+    }
 }
 
 fn resolve_source_ee_cert_raw_ref(
@@ -239,31 +267,27 @@ fn resolve_source_ee_cert_raw_ref(
         return Ok(raw_ref_from_entry(&local.source_ee_cert_hash, raw.as_ref()));
     }
 
-    let source_raw = store.get_raw_by_hash_entry(&local.source_object_hash)?;
-    let Some(source_raw) = source_raw else {
+    let source_bytes = store.get_blob_bytes(&local.source_object_hash)?;
+    let Some(source_bytes) = source_bytes else {
         return Ok(raw_ref_from_entry(&local.source_ee_cert_hash, None));
     };
 
     let derived = match local.source_object_type.as_str() {
-        "roa" => RoaObject::decode_der(&source_raw.bytes)
-            .ok()
-            .and_then(|roa| {
-                roa.signed_object
-                    .signed_data
-                    .certificates
-                    .first()
-                    .map(|cert| cert.raw_der.to_vec())
-            }),
-        "aspa" => AspaObject::decode_der(&source_raw.bytes)
-            .ok()
-            .and_then(|aspa| {
-                aspa.signed_object
-                    .signed_data
-                    .certificates
-                    .first()
-                    .map(|cert| cert.raw_der.to_vec())
-            }),
-        "mft" => ManifestObject::decode_der(&source_raw.bytes)
+        "roa" => RoaObject::decode_der(&source_bytes).ok().and_then(|roa| {
+            roa.signed_object
+                .signed_data
+                .certificates
+                .first()
+                .map(|cert| cert.raw_der.to_vec())
+        }),
+        "aspa" => AspaObject::decode_der(&source_bytes).ok().and_then(|aspa| {
+            aspa.signed_object
+                .signed_data
+                .certificates
+                .first()
+                .map(|cert| cert.raw_der.to_vec())
+        }),
+        "mft" => ManifestObject::decode_der(&source_bytes)
             .ok()
             .and_then(|manifest| {
                 manifest
@@ -273,7 +297,7 @@ fn resolve_source_ee_cert_raw_ref(
                     .first()
                     .map(|cert| cert.raw_der.to_vec())
             }),
-        "router_key" => Some(source_raw.bytes.clone()),
+        "router_key" => Some(source_bytes),
         _ => None,
     };
 
@@ -461,6 +485,12 @@ mod tests {
             .expect("put raw evidence");
     }
 
+    fn put_blob_only(store: &RocksStore, bytes: &[u8]) {
+        store
+            .put_blob_bytes_batch(&[(sha256_hex(bytes), bytes.to_vec())])
+            .expect("put blob bytes");
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn trace_rule_to_root_returns_leaf_to_root_chain_and_evidence_refs() {
         let store_dir = tempfile::tempdir().expect("store dir");
@@ -621,7 +651,11 @@ mod tests {
             source_object_uri: "rsync://example.test/leaf/a.roa".to_string(),
             source_object_type: "roa".to_string(),
             source_object_hash: sha256_hex(&roa_bytes),
-            source_ee_cert_hash: sha256_hex(roa.signed_object.signed_data.certificates[0].raw_der.as_slice()),
+            source_ee_cert_hash: sha256_hex(
+                roa.signed_object.signed_data.certificates[0]
+                    .raw_der
+                    .as_slice(),
+            ),
             payload_json:
                 serde_json::json!({"asn": 64496, "prefix": "203.0.113.0/24", "max_length": 24})
                     .to_string(),
@@ -666,6 +700,81 @@ mod tests {
         assert_eq!(trace.source_ee_cert_raw.object_type.as_deref(), Some("cer"));
     }
 
+    #[test]
+    fn trace_rule_to_root_uses_blob_only_fallback_for_source_object_raw() {
+        let store_dir = tempfile::tempdir().expect("store dir");
+        let main_db = store_dir.path().join("main-db");
+        let raw_db = store_dir.path().join("raw-store.db");
+        let store =
+            RocksStore::open_with_external_raw_store(&main_db, &raw_db).expect("open rocksdb");
+        let manifest = "rsync://example.test/leaf/leaf.mft";
+        let roa_path = std::path::Path::new(env!("CARGO_MANIFEST_DIR"))
+            .join("tests/fixtures/repository/rpki.cernet.net/repo/cernet/0/AS142071.roa");
+        let roa_bytes = std::fs::read(&roa_path).expect("read ROA fixture");
+        let roa = RoaObject::decode_der(&roa_bytes).expect("decode ROA fixture");
+        let local = VcirLocalOutput {
+            output_id: sha256_hex(b"blob-only-vrp-output"),
+            output_type: VcirOutputType::Vrp,
+            item_effective_until: PackTime::from_utc_offset_datetime(
+                time::OffsetDateTime::now_utc() + time::Duration::minutes(30),
+            ),
+            source_object_uri: "rsync://example.test/leaf/blob-only.roa".to_string(),
+            source_object_type: "roa".to_string(),
+            source_object_hash: sha256_hex(&roa_bytes),
+            source_ee_cert_hash: sha256_hex(
+                roa.signed_object.signed_data.certificates[0]
+                    .raw_der
+                    .as_slice(),
+            ),
+            payload_json:
+                serde_json::json!({"asn": 64496, "prefix": "203.0.113.0/24", "max_length": 24})
+                    .to_string(),
+            rule_hash: sha256_hex(b"blob-only-roa-rule"),
+            validation_path_hint: vec![manifest.to_string()],
+        };
+        let vcir = sample_vcir(
+            manifest,
+            None,
+            "test-tal",
+            Some(local.clone()),
+            sample_artifacts(manifest, &local.source_object_hash),
+        );
+        store.put_vcir(&vcir).expect("put vcir");
+        let rule_entry = AuditRuleIndexEntry {
+            kind: AuditRuleKind::Roa,
+            rule_hash: local.rule_hash.clone(),
+            manifest_rsync_uri: manifest.to_string(),
+            source_object_uri: local.source_object_uri.clone(),
+            source_object_hash: local.source_object_hash.clone(),
+            output_id: local.output_id.clone(),
+            item_effective_until: local.item_effective_until.clone(),
+        };
+        store
+            .put_audit_rule_index_entry(&rule_entry)
+            .expect("put rule index");
+
+        put_raw_evidence(&store, manifest.as_bytes(), manifest, "mft");
+        put_raw_evidence(
+            &store,
+            format!("{}-crl", manifest).as_bytes(),
+            &manifest.replace(".mft", ".crl"),
+            "crl",
+        );
+        put_blob_only(&store, &roa_bytes);
+
+        let trace = trace_rule_to_root(&store, AuditRuleKind::Roa, &local.rule_hash)
+            .expect("trace rule")
+            .expect("trace exists");
+        assert!(trace.source_object_raw.raw_present);
+        assert_eq!(
+            trace.source_object_raw.origin_uris,
+            vec![local.source_object_uri.clone()]
+        );
+        assert_eq!(trace.source_object_raw.object_type.as_deref(), Some("roa"));
+        assert_eq!(trace.source_object_raw.byte_len, Some(roa_bytes.len()));
+        assert!(trace.source_ee_cert_raw.raw_present);
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn trace_rule_to_root_returns_none_for_missing_rule_index() {
         let store_dir = tempfile::tempdir().expect("store dir");
diff --git a/src/bin/cir_drop_report.rs b/src/bin/cir_drop_report.rs
index 9e64cc9..e2f5275 100644
--- a/src/bin/cir_drop_report.rs
+++ b/src/bin/cir_drop_report.rs
@@ -197,8 +197,7 @@ fn main() -> Result<(), String> {
                 } else if let Some(raw_store_db) = raw_store_db.as_ref() {
                     ExternalRawStoreDb::open(raw_store_db)
                         .ok()
-                        .and_then(|store| store.get_raw_entry(&hash).ok().flatten())
-                        .map(|entry| entry.bytes)
+                        .and_then(|store| store.get_blob_bytes(&hash).ok().flatten())
                 } else {
                     None
                 };
diff --git a/src/blob_store.rs b/src/blob_store.rs
index 8a81e26..f64c1ca 100644
--- a/src/blob_store.rs
+++ b/src/blob_store.rs
@@ -16,6 +16,26 @@ fn raw_blob_key(sha256_hex: &str) -> String {
     format!("{RAW_BLOB_KEY_PREFIX}{sha256_hex}")
 }
 
+fn validate_blob_sha256_hex(sha256_hex: &str) -> StorageResult<()> {
+    if sha256_hex.len() != 64 || !sha256_hex.as_bytes().iter().all(u8::is_ascii_hexdigit) {
+        return Err(StorageError::InvalidData {
+            entity: "raw_blob",
+            detail: format!("invalid sha256 hex: {sha256_hex}"),
+        });
+    }
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+fn validate_blob_bytes(bytes: &[u8]) -> StorageResult<()> {
+    if bytes.is_empty() {
+        return Err(StorageError::InvalidData {
+            entity: "raw_blob",
+            detail: "bytes must not be empty".to_string(),
+        });
+    }
+    Ok(())
+}
+
 pub trait RawObjectStore {
     fn get_raw_entry(&self, sha256_hex: &str) -> StorageResult<Option<RawByHashEntry>>;
 
@@ -103,6 +123,23 @@ impl ExternalRawStoreDb {
         Ok(())
     }
 
+    pub fn put_blob_bytes_batch(&self, blobs: &[(String, Vec<u8>)]) -> StorageResult<()> {
+        if blobs.is_empty() {
+            return Ok(());
+        }
+        let mut batch = WriteBatch::default();
+        for (sha256_hex, bytes) in blobs {
+            validate_blob_sha256_hex(sha256_hex)?;
+            validate_blob_bytes(bytes)?;
+            let blob_key = raw_blob_key(sha256_hex);
+            batch.put(blob_key.as_bytes(), bytes.as_slice());
+        }
+        self.db
+            .write(batch)
+            .map_err(|e| StorageError::RocksDb(e.to_string()))?;
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
     pub fn delete_raw_entry(&self, sha256_hex: &str) -> StorageResult<()> {
         let key = raw_by_hash_key(sha256_hex);
         let blob_key = raw_blob_key(sha256_hex);
@@ -134,23 +171,11 @@ impl RawObjectStore for RocksStore {
     }
 
     fn get_blob_bytes(&self, sha256_hex: &str) -> StorageResult<Option<Vec<u8>>> {
-        if let Some(raw_store) = self.external_raw_store_ref() {
-            return raw_store.get_blob_bytes(sha256_hex);
-        }
-        self.get_raw_entry(sha256_hex)
-            .map(|entry| entry.map(|entry| entry.bytes))
+        RocksStore::get_blob_bytes(self, sha256_hex)
     }
 
     fn get_blob_bytes_batch(&self, sha256_hexes: &[String]) -> StorageResult<Vec<Option<Vec<u8>>>> {
-        if let Some(raw_store) = self.external_raw_store_ref() {
-            return raw_store.get_blob_bytes_batch(sha256_hexes);
-        }
-        self.get_raw_entries_batch(sha256_hexes).map(|entries| {
-            entries
-                .into_iter()
-                .map(|entry| entry.map(|entry| entry.bytes))
-                .collect()
-        })
+        RocksStore::get_blob_bytes_batch(self, sha256_hexes)
     }
 }
 
@@ -431,6 +456,47 @@ mod tests {
         );
     }
 
+    #[test]
+    fn put_blob_bytes_batch_round_trips_without_raw_entry() {
+        let td = tempfile::tempdir().expect("tempdir");
+        let raw_store =
+            ExternalRawStoreDb::open(td.path().join("raw-store.db")).expect("open raw store");
+
+        let a = (sha256_hex(b"blob-a"), b"blob-a".to_vec());
+        let b = (sha256_hex(b"blob-b"), b"blob-b".to_vec());
+        raw_store
+            .put_blob_bytes_batch(&[a.clone(), b.clone()])
+            .expect("put blobs");
+
+        assert_eq!(
+            raw_store.get_blob_bytes(&a.0).expect("get blob a"),
+            Some(a.1.clone())
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            raw_store.get_blob_bytes(&b.0).expect("get blob b"),
+            Some(b.1.clone())
+        );
+        assert!(raw_store.get_raw_entry(&a.0).expect("get raw a").is_none());
+        assert!(raw_store.get_raw_entry(&b.0).expect("get raw b").is_none());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn put_blob_bytes_batch_rejects_invalid_inputs() {
+        let td = tempfile::tempdir().expect("tempdir");
+        let raw_store =
+            ExternalRawStoreDb::open(td.path().join("raw-store.db")).expect("open raw store");
+
+        let err = raw_store
+            .put_blob_bytes_batch(&[("zz".repeat(32), b"blob".to_vec())])
+            .expect_err("invalid hash should fail");
+        assert!(matches!(err, StorageError::InvalidData { .. }));
+
+        let err = raw_store
+            .put_blob_bytes_batch(&[(sha256_hex(b"blob"), Vec::new())])
+            .expect_err("empty bytes should fail");
+        assert!(matches!(err, StorageError::InvalidData { .. }));
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn external_raw_store_db_rejects_invalid_entry_on_put() {
         let td = tempfile::tempdir().expect("tempdir");
diff --git a/src/ccr/build.rs b/src/ccr/build.rs
index 8cef16b..095437b 100644
--- a/src/ccr/build.rs
+++ b/src/ccr/build.rs
@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@ use std::collections::{BTreeMap, BTreeSet};
 
 use sha2::Digest;
 
-use crate::blob_store::RawObjectStore;
 use crate::ccr::encode::{
     encode_aspa_payload_state_payload_der, encode_manifest_state_payload_der,
     encode_roa_payload_state_payload_der, encode_router_key_state_payload_der,
diff --git a/src/cir/export.rs b/src/cir/export.rs
index 81dd30b..2aed335 100644
--- a/src/cir/export.rs
+++ b/src/cir/export.rs
@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@ use std::collections::BTreeSet;
 use std::path::Path;
 
 use crate::audit::{AuditObjectResult, PublicationPointAudit};
-use crate::blob_store::RawObjectStore;
 use crate::cir::encode::{CirEncodeError, encode_cir};
 use crate::cir::model::{
     CIR_VERSION_V1, CanonicalInputRepresentation, CirHashAlgorithm, CirObject, CirTal,
@@ -266,7 +265,7 @@ pub fn export_cir_raw_store(
     let mut reused_entries = 0usize;
     for sha256_hex in &unique {
         if store
-            .get_raw_entry(sha256_hex)
+            .get_blob_bytes(sha256_hex)
             .map_err(|e| {
                 CirExportError::Write(raw_store_path.display().to_string(), e.to_string())
             })?
@@ -373,8 +372,8 @@ fn ta_sha256_hex(bytes: &[u8]) -> String {
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
     use super::*;
-    use crate::current_repo_index::CurrentRepoObject;
     use crate::cir::decode::decode_cir;
+    use crate::current_repo_index::CurrentRepoObject;
     use crate::data_model::ta::TrustAnchor;
     use crate::data_model::tal::Tal;
     use crate::storage::{RawByHashEntry, RepositoryViewEntry, RepositoryViewState, RocksStore};
@@ -730,14 +729,9 @@ mod tests {
         )
         .expect("build cir");
 
-        let summary = export_cir_static_pool(
-            &store,
-            &static_root,
-            sample_date(),
-            &cir,
-            &[&ta1, &ta2],
-        )
-        .expect("export static pool");
+        let summary =
+            export_cir_static_pool(&store, &static_root, sample_date(), &cir, &[&ta1, &ta2])
+                .expect("export static pool");
         assert!(summary.unique_hashes >= 3);
         assert!(summary.written_files >= 3);
     }
@@ -746,8 +740,9 @@ mod tests {
     fn export_cir_raw_store_reports_missing_non_ta_object_and_writes_ta_entries() {
         let td = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
         let raw_store_path = td.path().join("raw-store.db");
-        let store = RocksStore::open_with_external_raw_store(&td.path().join("db"), &raw_store_path)
-            .unwrap();
+        let store =
+            RocksStore::open_with_external_raw_store(&td.path().join("db"), &raw_store_path)
+                .unwrap();
         let ta1 = sample_trust_anchor();
         let ta2 = sample_arin_trust_anchor();
 
@@ -769,13 +764,8 @@ mod tests {
         )
         .expect("build cir with tas only");
 
-        let summary = export_cir_raw_store(
-            &store,
-            &raw_store_path,
-            &cir_only_tas,
-            &[&ta1, &ta2],
-        )
-        .expect("export raw store");
+        let summary = export_cir_raw_store(&store, &raw_store_path, &cir_only_tas, &[&ta1, &ta2])
+            .expect("export raw store");
         assert!(summary.unique_hashes >= 2);
         assert!(summary.written_entries >= 2 || summary.reused_entries >= 2);
 
@@ -784,13 +774,8 @@ mod tests {
             rsync_uri: "rsync://example.test/repo/missing.roa".to_string(),
             sha256: vec![0x44; 32],
         });
-        let err = export_cir_raw_store(
-            &store,
-            &raw_store_path,
-            &cir_missing_object,
-            &[&ta1, &ta2],
-        )
-        .expect_err("missing non-ta object must fail");
+        let err = export_cir_raw_store(&store, &raw_store_path, &cir_missing_object, &[&ta1, &ta2])
+            .expect_err("missing non-ta object must fail");
         assert!(matches!(err, CirExportError::Write(_, _)), "{err}");
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/cir/materialize.rs b/src/cir/materialize.rs
index 0c5b5fc..9e21aa9 100644
--- a/src/cir/materialize.rs
+++ b/src/cir/materialize.rs
@@ -165,8 +165,8 @@ pub fn materialize_cir_from_raw_store(
     let mut copied_files = 0usize;
     for object in &cir.objects {
         let sha256_hex = hex::encode(&object.sha256);
-        let entry = raw_store
-            .get_raw_entry(&sha256_hex)
+        let bytes = raw_store
+            .get_blob_bytes(&sha256_hex)
             .map_err(|e| CirMaterializeError::ReadRawStore {
                 sha256_hex: sha256_hex.clone(),
                 detail: e.to_string(),
@@ -191,7 +191,7 @@ pub fn materialize_cir_from_raw_store(
             })?;
         }
 
-        fs::write(&target, &entry.bytes).map_err(|e| CirMaterializeError::Copy {
+        fs::write(&target, &bytes).map_err(|e| CirMaterializeError::Copy {
             src: raw_store_db.display().to_string(),
             dst: target.display().to_string(),
             detail: e.to_string(),
@@ -629,15 +629,12 @@ mod tests {
 
         {
             let raw_store = ExternalRawStoreDb::open(&raw_store_path).unwrap();
-            let mut entry_a =
-                crate::storage::RawByHashEntry::from_bytes(hex::encode(&cir.objects[0].sha256), a);
-            entry_a.origin_uris.push(cir.objects[0].rsync_uri.clone());
-            raw_store.put_raw_entry(&entry_a).unwrap();
-
-            let mut entry_b =
-                crate::storage::RawByHashEntry::from_bytes(hex::encode(&cir.objects[1].sha256), b);
-            entry_b.origin_uris.push(cir.objects[1].rsync_uri.clone());
-            raw_store.put_raw_entry(&entry_b).unwrap();
+            raw_store
+                .put_blob_bytes_batch(&[
+                    (hex::encode(&cir.objects[0].sha256), a),
+                    (hex::encode(&cir.objects[1].sha256), b),
+                ])
+                .unwrap();
         }
 
         let summary =
@@ -663,11 +660,9 @@ mod tests {
         let cir = cir_with_real_hashes(b"a", b"b");
         {
             let raw_store = ExternalRawStoreDb::open(&raw_store_path).unwrap();
-            let only = crate::storage::RawByHashEntry::from_bytes(
-                hex::encode(&cir.objects[0].sha256),
-                b"a".to_vec(),
-            );
-            raw_store.put_raw_entry(&only).unwrap();
+            raw_store
+                .put_blob_bytes_batch(&[(hex::encode(&cir.objects[0].sha256), b"a".to_vec())])
+                .unwrap();
         }
 
         let err = materialize_cir_from_raw_store(&cir, &raw_store_path, &mirror_root, true)
@@ -686,18 +681,12 @@ mod tests {
         let cir = cir_with_real_hashes(b"a", b"b");
         {
             let raw_store = ExternalRawStoreDb::open(&raw_store_path).unwrap();
-            let mut entry_a = crate::storage::RawByHashEntry::from_bytes(
-                hex::encode(&cir.objects[0].sha256),
-                b"a".to_vec(),
-            );
-            entry_a.origin_uris.push(cir.objects[0].rsync_uri.clone());
-            raw_store.put_raw_entry(&entry_a).unwrap();
-            let mut entry_b = crate::storage::RawByHashEntry::from_bytes(
-                hex::encode(&cir.objects[1].sha256),
-                b"b".to_vec(),
-            );
-            entry_b.origin_uris.push(cir.objects[1].rsync_uri.clone());
-            raw_store.put_raw_entry(&entry_b).unwrap();
+            raw_store
+                .put_blob_bytes_batch(&[
+                    (hex::encode(&cir.objects[0].sha256), b"a".to_vec()),
+                    (hex::encode(&cir.objects[1].sha256), b"b".to_vec()),
+                ])
+                .unwrap();
         }
         std::fs::create_dir_all(mirror_root.join("extra")).unwrap();
         std::fs::write(mirror_root.join("extra/stale.txt"), b"stale").unwrap();
@@ -717,18 +706,12 @@ mod tests {
         let cir = cir_with_real_hashes(&a, &b);
         {
             let raw_store = ExternalRawStoreDb::open(&raw_store_path).unwrap();
-            let mut entry_a = crate::storage::RawByHashEntry::from_bytes(
-                hex::encode(&cir.objects[0].sha256),
-                a.clone(),
-            );
-            entry_a.origin_uris.push(cir.objects[0].rsync_uri.clone());
-            raw_store.put_raw_entry(&entry_a).unwrap();
-            let mut entry_b = crate::storage::RawByHashEntry::from_bytes(
-                hex::encode(&cir.objects[1].sha256),
-                b.clone(),
-            );
-            entry_b.origin_uris.push(cir.objects[1].rsync_uri.clone());
-            raw_store.put_raw_entry(&entry_b).unwrap();
+            raw_store
+                .put_blob_bytes_batch(&[
+                    (hex::encode(&cir.objects[0].sha256), a.clone()),
+                    (hex::encode(&cir.objects[1].sha256), b.clone()),
+                ])
+                .unwrap();
         }
         let target = mirror_root.join("example.net/repo/a.cer");
         std::fs::create_dir_all(target.parent().unwrap()).unwrap();
@@ -741,12 +724,34 @@ mod tests {
     }
 
     #[test]
-    fn materialize_from_raw_store_reports_codec_errors() {
+    fn materialize_from_raw_store_ignores_corrupt_raw_entry_when_blob_exists() {
         let td = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
         let raw_store_path = td.path().join("raw-store.db");
         let mirror_root = td.path().join("mirror");
+        let cir = CanonicalInputRepresentation {
+            version: CIR_VERSION_V1,
+            hash_alg: CirHashAlgorithm::Sha256,
+            validation_time: sample_time(),
+            objects: vec![CirObject {
+                rsync_uri: "rsync://example.net/repo/a.cer".to_string(),
+                sha256: hex::decode(
+                    "1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111",
+                )
+                .unwrap(),
+            }],
+            tals: vec![CirTal {
+                tal_uri: "https://tal.example.net/root.tal".to_string(),
+                tal_bytes: b"x".to_vec(),
+            }],
+        };
         {
-            let _raw_store = ExternalRawStoreDb::open(&raw_store_path).unwrap();
+            let raw_store = ExternalRawStoreDb::open(&raw_store_path).unwrap();
+            raw_store
+                .put_blob_bytes_batch(&[(
+                    "1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111".to_string(),
+                    b"blob-a".to_vec(),
+                )])
+                .unwrap();
         }
         {
             let db = rocksdb::DB::open_default(&raw_store_path).unwrap();
@@ -757,37 +762,15 @@ mod tests {
             .unwrap();
         }
 
-        let err = materialize_cir_from_raw_store(
-            &CanonicalInputRepresentation {
-                version: CIR_VERSION_V1,
-                hash_alg: CirHashAlgorithm::Sha256,
-                validation_time: sample_time(),
-                objects: vec![CirObject {
-                    rsync_uri: "rsync://example.net/repo/a.cer".to_string(),
-                    sha256: hex::decode(
-                        "1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111",
-                    )
-                    .unwrap(),
-                }],
-                tals: vec![CirTal {
-                    tal_uri: "https://tal.example.net/root.tal".to_string(),
-                    tal_bytes: b"x".to_vec(),
-                }],
-            },
-            &raw_store_path,
-            &mirror_root,
-            true,
-        )
-        .expect_err("corrupt raw-store object should fail");
-        assert!(matches!(
-            err,
-            CirMaterializeError::ReadRawStore { .. }
-                | CirMaterializeError::MissingRawStoreObject { .. }
-        ));
+        let summary =
+            materialize_cir_from_raw_store(&cir, &raw_store_path, &mirror_root, true).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(summary.object_count, 1);
+        assert_eq!(
+            std::fs::read(mirror_root.join("example.net/repo/a.cer")).unwrap(),
+            b"blob-a"
+        );
     }
 
-
-
     #[test]
     fn materialize_from_repo_bytes_creates_expected_tree() {
         let td = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
diff --git a/src/cir/mod.rs b/src/cir/mod.rs
index 42717c3..6e47a50 100644
--- a/src/cir/mod.rs
+++ b/src/cir/mod.rs
@@ -17,8 +17,7 @@ pub use export::{
 };
 pub use materialize::{
     CirMaterializeError, CirMaterializeSummary, materialize_cir, materialize_cir_from_raw_store,
-    materialize_cir_from_repo_bytes, mirror_relative_path_for_rsync_uri,
-    resolve_static_pool_file,
+    materialize_cir_from_repo_bytes, mirror_relative_path_for_rsync_uri, resolve_static_pool_file,
 };
 pub use model::{
     CIR_VERSION_V1, CanonicalInputRepresentation, CirHashAlgorithm, CirObject, CirTal,
diff --git a/src/cir/static_pool.rs b/src/cir/static_pool.rs
index 7b985c5..757a952 100644
--- a/src/cir/static_pool.rs
+++ b/src/cir/static_pool.rs
@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@ use std::fs::{self, OpenOptions};
 use std::io::Write;
 use std::path::{Path, PathBuf};
 
-use crate::blob_store::RawObjectStore;
 use crate::storage::{RawByHashEntry, RocksStore};
 
 #[derive(Debug, thiserror::Error)]
diff --git a/src/cli.rs b/src/cli.rs
index e783100..9769188 100644
--- a/src/cli.rs
+++ b/src/cli.rs
@@ -452,10 +452,7 @@ pub fn parse_args(argv: &[String]) -> Result<CliArgs, String> {
     let tal_path = tal_paths.first().cloned();
     let ta_path = ta_paths.first().cloned();
     if cir_enabled && cir_out_path.is_none() {
-        return Err(format!(
-            "--cir-enable requires --cir-out\n\n{}",
-            usage()
-        ));
+        return Err(format!("--cir-enable requires --cir-out\n\n{}", usage()));
     }
     if cir_static_root.is_some() {
         return Err(format!(
@@ -463,9 +460,7 @@ pub fn parse_args(argv: &[String]) -> Result<CliArgs, String> {
             usage()
         ));
     }
-    if !cir_enabled
-        && (cir_out_path.is_some() || !cir_tal_uris.is_empty())
-    {
+    if !cir_enabled && (cir_out_path.is_some() || !cir_tal_uris.is_empty()) {
         return Err(format!(
             "--cir-out/--cir-tal-uri require --cir-enable\n\n{}",
             usage()
@@ -1741,10 +1736,7 @@ mod tests {
             "--cir-enable".to_string(),
         ];
         let err = parse_args(&argv_missing).unwrap_err();
-        assert!(
-            err.contains("--cir-enable requires --cir-out"),
-            "{err}"
-        );
+        assert!(err.contains("--cir-enable requires --cir-out"), "{err}");
 
         let argv_needs_enable = vec![
             "rpki".to_string(),
diff --git a/src/current_repo_index.rs b/src/current_repo_index.rs
index 18c764b..22364ef 100644
--- a/src/current_repo_index.rs
+++ b/src/current_repo_index.rs
@@ -230,8 +230,16 @@ mod tests {
         let mut index = handle.lock().expect("lock index");
         index
             .apply_repository_view_entries(&[
-                present("rsync://example.test/repo-b/", "rsync://example.test/repo-b/b.roa", &"22".repeat(32)),
-                present("rsync://example.test/repo-a/", "rsync://example.test/repo-a/a.roa", &"11".repeat(32)),
+                present(
+                    "rsync://example.test/repo-b/",
+                    "rsync://example.test/repo-b/b.roa",
+                    &"22".repeat(32),
+                ),
+                present(
+                    "rsync://example.test/repo-a/",
+                    "rsync://example.test/repo-a/a.roa",
+                    &"11".repeat(32),
+                ),
             ])
             .expect("apply present entries");
         assert_eq!(index.active_uri_count(), 2);
diff --git a/src/data_model/signed_object.rs b/src/data_model/signed_object.rs
index 8c80aaf..282cebe 100644
--- a/src/data_model/signed_object.rs
+++ b/src/data_model/signed_object.rs
@@ -4,17 +4,27 @@ use crate::data_model::oid::{
     OID_CMS_ATTR_MESSAGE_DIGEST, OID_CMS_ATTR_MESSAGE_DIGEST_RAW, OID_CMS_ATTR_SIGNING_TIME,
     OID_CMS_ATTR_SIGNING_TIME_RAW, OID_CT_ASPA, OID_CT_ASPA_RAW, OID_CT_ROUTE_ORIGIN_AUTHZ,
     OID_CT_ROUTE_ORIGIN_AUTHZ_RAW, OID_CT_RPKI_MANIFEST, OID_CT_RPKI_MANIFEST_RAW,
-    OID_RSA_ENCRYPTION, OID_RSA_ENCRYPTION_RAW, OID_SHA256, OID_SHA256_RAW,
+    OID_KEY_USAGE_RAW, OID_RSA_ENCRYPTION, OID_RSA_ENCRYPTION_RAW, OID_SHA256, OID_SHA256_RAW,
     OID_SHA256_WITH_RSA_ENCRYPTION, OID_SHA256_WITH_RSA_ENCRYPTION_RAW, OID_SIGNED_DATA,
     OID_SIGNED_DATA_RAW, OID_SUBJECT_INFO_ACCESS,
 };
 use crate::data_model::rc::{ResourceCertificate, SubjectInfoAccess};
 use asn1_rs::{Any, Class, FromBer, Header, Tag};
 use ring::digest;
-use x509_parser::prelude::FromDer;
+use x509_parser::extensions::ParsedExtension;
+use x509_parser::prelude::{FromDer, X509Certificate};
 use x509_parser::public_key::PublicKey;
 use x509_parser::x509::SubjectPublicKeyInfo;
 
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub enum EeKeyUsageSummary {
+    DigitalSignatureOnly,
+    Missing,
+    NotCritical,
+    InvalidBits,
+    ParseError(String),
+}
+
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub struct ResourceEeCertificate {
     pub raw_der: Vec<u8>,
@@ -22,6 +32,9 @@ pub struct ResourceEeCertificate {
     pub spki_der: Vec<u8>,
     pub rsa_public_modulus: Vec<u8>,
     pub rsa_public_exponent: Vec<u8>,
+    pub tbs_certificate_der: Vec<u8>,
+    pub signature_bytes: Vec<u8>,
+    pub key_usage_summary: EeKeyUsageSummary,
     pub sia_signed_object_uris: Vec<String>,
     pub resource_cert: ResourceCertificate,
 }
@@ -726,6 +739,15 @@ fn parse_signer_infos_set_cursor(
 }
 
 fn validate_ee_certificate(der: &[u8]) -> Result<ResourceEeCertificate, SignedObjectValidateError> {
+    let (rem, cert) = X509Certificate::from_der(der)
+        .map_err(|e| SignedObjectValidateError::EeCertificateParse(e.to_string()))?;
+    if !rem.is_empty() {
+        return Err(SignedObjectValidateError::EeCertificateParse(format!(
+            "trailing bytes after EE certificate DER: {}",
+            rem.len()
+        )));
+    }
+
     let rc = match ResourceCertificate::from_der(der) {
         Ok(v) => v,
         Err(e) => {
@@ -800,11 +822,49 @@ fn validate_ee_certificate(der: &[u8]) -> Result<ResourceEeCertificate, SignedOb
         spki_der,
         rsa_public_modulus,
         rsa_public_exponent,
+        tbs_certificate_der: cert.tbs_certificate.as_ref().to_vec(),
+        signature_bytes: cert.signature_value.data.to_vec(),
+        key_usage_summary: summarize_ee_key_usage(&cert),
         sia_signed_object_uris: signed_object_uris,
         resource_cert: rc,
     })
 }
 
+fn summarize_ee_key_usage(cert: &X509Certificate<'_>) -> EeKeyUsageSummary {
+    for ext in cert.extensions() {
+        if ext.oid.as_bytes() == OID_KEY_USAGE_RAW {
+            match ext.parsed_extension() {
+                ParsedExtension::KeyUsage(ku) => {
+                    if !ext.critical {
+                        return EeKeyUsageSummary::NotCritical;
+                    }
+                    let ok = ku.digital_signature()
+                        && !ku.key_cert_sign()
+                        && !ku.crl_sign()
+                        && !ku.non_repudiation()
+                        && !ku.key_encipherment()
+                        && !ku.data_encipherment()
+                        && !ku.key_agreement()
+                        && !ku.encipher_only()
+                        && !ku.decipher_only();
+                    return if ok {
+                        EeKeyUsageSummary::DigitalSignatureOnly
+                    } else {
+                        EeKeyUsageSummary::InvalidBits
+                    };
+                }
+                other => {
+                    return EeKeyUsageSummary::ParseError(format!(
+                        "unexpected parsed keyUsage extension: {other:?}"
+                    ));
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    EeKeyUsageSummary::Missing
+}
+
 fn parse_signer_info_cursor(
     mut seq: CmsReader<'_>,
 ) -> Result<SignerInfoParsed, SignedObjectParseError> {
diff --git a/src/fetch/http.rs b/src/fetch/http.rs
index fe9328d..1ceb448 100644
--- a/src/fetch/http.rs
+++ b/src/fetch/http.rs
@@ -470,7 +470,8 @@ mod tests {
         })
         .expect("http");
 
-        let (_, profile_short, timeout_short) = http.client_for_uri("https://example.test/root.tal");
+        let (_, profile_short, timeout_short) =
+            http.client_for_uri("https://example.test/root.tal");
         assert_eq!(profile_short, "short");
         assert_eq!(timeout_short, Duration::from_secs(3));
 
diff --git a/src/storage.rs b/src/storage.rs
index 259441a..b53dd31 100644
--- a/src/storage.rs
+++ b/src/storage.rs
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ use crate::data_model::rc::{AsResourceSet, IpResourceSet};
 
 pub const CF_REPOSITORY_VIEW: &str = "repository_view";
 pub const CF_RAW_BY_HASH: &str = "raw_by_hash";
+pub const CF_RAW_BLOB: &str = "raw_blob";
 pub const CF_VCIR: &str = "vcir";
 pub const CF_AUDIT_RULE_INDEX: &str = "audit_rule_index";
 pub const CF_RRDP_SOURCE: &str = "rrdp_source";
@@ -22,6 +23,7 @@ pub const CF_RRDP_URI_OWNER: &str = "rrdp_uri_owner";
 pub const ALL_COLUMN_FAMILY_NAMES: &[&str] = &[
     CF_REPOSITORY_VIEW,
     CF_RAW_BY_HASH,
+    CF_RAW_BLOB,
     CF_VCIR,
     CF_AUDIT_RULE_INDEX,
     CF_RRDP_SOURCE,
@@ -31,6 +33,7 @@ pub const ALL_COLUMN_FAMILY_NAMES: &[&str] = &[
 
 const REPOSITORY_VIEW_KEY_PREFIX: &str = "repo_view:";
 const RAW_BY_HASH_KEY_PREFIX: &str = "rawbyhash:";
+const RAW_BLOB_KEY_PREFIX: &str = "rawblob:";
 const VCIR_KEY_PREFIX: &str = "vcir:";
 const AUDIT_ROA_RULE_KEY_PREFIX: &str = "audit:roa_rule:";
 const AUDIT_ASPA_RULE_KEY_PREFIX: &str = "audit:aspa_rule:";
@@ -46,6 +49,10 @@ fn cf_opts() -> Options {
     opts
 }
 
+fn raw_blob_key(sha256_hex: &str) -> String {
+    format!("{RAW_BLOB_KEY_PREFIX}{sha256_hex}")
+}
+
 pub fn column_family_descriptors() -> Vec<ColumnFamilyDescriptor> {
     ALL_COLUMN_FAMILY_NAMES
         .iter()
@@ -954,6 +961,29 @@ impl RocksStore {
         self.write_batch(batch)
     }
 
+    pub fn put_blob_bytes_batch(&self, blobs: &[(String, Vec<u8>)]) -> StorageResult<()> {
+        if blobs.is_empty() {
+            return Ok(());
+        }
+        if let Some(raw_store) = self.external_raw_store.as_ref() {
+            return raw_store.put_blob_bytes_batch(blobs);
+        }
+        let cf = self.cf(CF_RAW_BLOB)?;
+        let mut batch = WriteBatch::default();
+        for (sha256_hex, bytes) in blobs {
+            validate_sha256_hex("raw_blob.sha256_hex", sha256_hex)?;
+            if bytes.is_empty() {
+                return Err(StorageError::InvalidData {
+                    entity: "raw_blob",
+                    detail: "bytes must not be empty".to_string(),
+                });
+            }
+            let key = raw_blob_key(sha256_hex);
+            batch.put_cf(cf, key.as_bytes(), bytes.as_slice());
+        }
+        self.write_batch(batch)
+    }
+
     pub fn delete_raw_by_hash_entry(&self, sha256_hex: &str) -> StorageResult<()> {
         validate_sha256_hex("raw_by_hash.sha256_hex", sha256_hex)?;
         if let Some(raw_store) = self.external_raw_store.as_ref() {
@@ -1018,6 +1048,64 @@ impl RocksStore {
             .collect()
     }
 
+    pub fn get_blob_bytes(&self, sha256_hex: &str) -> StorageResult<Option<Vec<u8>>> {
+        if let Some(raw_store) = self.external_raw_store.as_ref() {
+            return raw_store.get_blob_bytes(sha256_hex);
+        }
+        validate_sha256_hex("raw_blob.sha256_hex", sha256_hex)?;
+        let cf = self.cf(CF_RAW_BLOB)?;
+        let key = raw_blob_key(sha256_hex);
+        if let Some(bytes) = self
+            .db
+            .get_cf(cf, key.as_bytes())
+            .map_err(|e| StorageError::RocksDb(e.to_string()))?
+        {
+            return Ok(Some(bytes));
+        }
+        self.get_raw_by_hash_entry(sha256_hex)
+            .map(|entry| entry.map(|entry| entry.bytes))
+    }
+
+    pub fn get_blob_bytes_batch(
+        &self,
+        sha256_hexes: &[String],
+    ) -> StorageResult<Vec<Option<Vec<u8>>>> {
+        if sha256_hexes.is_empty() {
+            return Ok(Vec::new());
+        }
+        if let Some(raw_store) = self.external_raw_store.as_ref() {
+            return raw_store.get_blob_bytes_batch(sha256_hexes);
+        }
+
+        let cf = self.cf(CF_RAW_BLOB)?;
+        let keys: Vec<String> = sha256_hexes
+            .iter()
+            .map(|hash| {
+                validate_sha256_hex("raw_blob.sha256_hex", hash)?;
+                Ok::<String, StorageError>(raw_blob_key(hash))
+            })
+            .collect::<Result<_, _>>()?;
+        let blob_results: Vec<Option<Vec<u8>>> = self
+            .db
+            .multi_get_cf(keys.iter().map(|key| (cf, key.as_bytes())))
+            .into_iter()
+            .map(|res| res.map_err(|e| StorageError::RocksDb(e.to_string())))
+            .collect::<Result<_, _>>()?;
+
+        let mut out = Vec::with_capacity(sha256_hexes.len());
+        for (sha256_hex, maybe_blob) in sha256_hexes.iter().zip(blob_results.into_iter()) {
+            if maybe_blob.is_some() {
+                out.push(maybe_blob);
+            } else {
+                out.push(
+                    self.get_raw_by_hash_entry(sha256_hex)?
+                        .map(|entry| entry.bytes),
+                );
+            }
+        }
+        Ok(out)
+    }
+
     pub fn put_vcir(&self, vcir: &ValidatedCaInstanceResult) -> StorageResult<()> {
         vcir.validate_internal()?;
         let cf = self.cf(CF_VCIR)?;
@@ -1290,12 +1378,14 @@ impl RocksStore {
                         entity: "repository_view",
                         detail: format!("current_hash missing for current object URI: {rsync_uri}"),
                     })?;
-                let bytes = self.get_blob_bytes(hash)?.ok_or(StorageError::InvalidData {
-                    entity: "repository_view",
-                    detail: format!(
-                        "raw_by_hash entry missing for current object URI: {rsync_uri} (hash={hash})"
-                    ),
-                })?;
+                let bytes = self
+                    .get_blob_bytes(hash)?
+                    .ok_or(StorageError::InvalidData {
+                        entity: "repository_view",
+                        detail: format!(
+                            "blob bytes missing for current object URI: {rsync_uri} (hash={hash})"
+                        ),
+                    })?;
                 let current_hash = decode_sha256_hex_32("repository_view.current_hash", hash)?;
                 Ok(Some(CurrentObjectWithHash {
                     current_hash_hex: hash.to_ascii_lowercase(),
@@ -1499,10 +1589,7 @@ impl PackBytes {
         Self::Eager(std::sync::Arc::from(bytes))
     }
 
-    pub fn lazy_external(
-        sha256_hex: String,
-        store: std::sync::Arc<ExternalRawStoreDb>,
-    ) -> Self {
+    pub fn lazy_external(sha256_hex: String, store: std::sync::Arc<ExternalRawStoreDb>) -> Self {
         Self::LazyExternal {
             sha256_hex,
             store,
@@ -1579,7 +1666,11 @@ impl PackFile {
         sha256: [u8; 32],
         store: std::sync::Arc<ExternalRawStoreDb>,
     ) -> Self {
-        Self::new(rsync_uri, PackBytes::lazy_external(sha256_hex, store), sha256)
+        Self::new(
+            rsync_uri,
+            PackBytes::lazy_external(sha256_hex, store),
+            sha256,
+        )
     }
 
     pub fn from_bytes_compute_sha256(rsync_uri: impl Into<String>, bytes: Vec<u8>) -> Self {
@@ -1602,7 +1693,9 @@ impl PackFile {
 
 impl PartialEq for PackFile {
     fn eq(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {
-        self.rsync_uri == other.rsync_uri && self.sha256 == other.sha256 && self.bytes == other.bytes
+        self.rsync_uri == other.rsync_uri
+            && self.sha256 == other.sha256
+            && self.bytes == other.bytes
     }
 }
 
@@ -1918,6 +2011,231 @@ mod tests {
         );
     }
 
+    #[test]
+    fn put_blob_bytes_batch_uses_internal_blob_cf_without_raw_entry() {
+        let td = tempfile::tempdir().expect("tempdir");
+        let store = RocksStore::open(td.path()).expect("open rocksdb");
+        let bytes = b"internal-blob-only".to_vec();
+        let hash = sha256_hex(&bytes);
+
+        store
+            .put_blob_bytes_batch(&[(hash.clone(), bytes.clone())])
+            .expect("put blob bytes");
+
+        assert_eq!(
+            store.get_blob_bytes(&hash).expect("get blob bytes"),
+            Some(bytes.clone())
+        );
+        assert!(
+            store
+                .get_raw_by_hash_entry(&hash)
+                .expect("get raw entry")
+                .is_none()
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn put_blob_bytes_batch_routes_to_external_raw_store_without_raw_entry() {
+        let td = tempfile::tempdir().expect("tempdir");
+        let store = RocksStore::open_with_external_raw_store(
+            &td.path().join("main-db"),
+            &td.path().join("raw-store.db"),
+        )
+        .expect("open store");
+        let bytes = b"external-blob-only".to_vec();
+        let hash = sha256_hex(&bytes);
+
+        store
+            .put_blob_bytes_batch(&[(hash.clone(), bytes.clone())])
+            .expect("put external blob bytes");
+
+        assert_eq!(store.get_blob_bytes(&hash).unwrap(), Some(bytes));
+        assert!(store.get_raw_by_hash_entry(&hash).unwrap().is_none());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn put_blob_bytes_batch_accepts_empty_batch_with_external_raw_store() {
+        let td = tempfile::tempdir().expect("tempdir");
+        let store = RocksStore::open_with_external_raw_store(
+            &td.path().join("main-db"),
+            &td.path().join("raw-store.db"),
+        )
+        .expect("open store");
+
+        store
+            .put_blob_bytes_batch(&[])
+            .expect("empty external blob batch should be a no-op");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn get_blob_bytes_internal_falls_back_to_raw_entry_when_blob_missing() {
+        let td = tempfile::tempdir().expect("tempdir");
+        let store = RocksStore::open(td.path()).expect("open rocksdb");
+        let raw = sample_raw_by_hash_entry(b"raw-fallback".to_vec());
+
+        store.put_raw_by_hash_entry(&raw).expect("put raw entry");
+
+        assert_eq!(
+            store
+                .get_blob_bytes(&raw.sha256_hex)
+                .expect("get blob bytes via raw fallback"),
+            Some(raw.bytes.clone())
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn get_blob_bytes_batch_internal_prefers_blob_cf_and_falls_back_to_raw_entry() {
+        let td = tempfile::tempdir().expect("tempdir");
+        let store = RocksStore::open(td.path()).expect("open rocksdb");
+
+        let blob_bytes = b"blob-cf-object".to_vec();
+        let blob_hash = sha256_hex(&blob_bytes);
+        store
+            .put_blob_bytes_batch(&[(blob_hash.clone(), blob_bytes.clone())])
+            .expect("put blob bytes");
+
+        let raw = sample_raw_by_hash_entry(b"raw-fallback-batch".to_vec());
+        store.put_raw_by_hash_entry(&raw).expect("put raw fallback");
+
+        let batch = store
+            .get_blob_bytes_batch(&[blob_hash.clone(), raw.sha256_hex.clone(), "00".repeat(32)])
+            .expect("get blob bytes batch");
+        assert_eq!(
+            batch,
+            vec![Some(blob_bytes), Some(raw.bytes.clone()), None]
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn get_blob_bytes_batch_routes_to_external_raw_store_without_raw_entry() {
+        let td = tempfile::tempdir().expect("tempdir");
+        let store = RocksStore::open_with_external_raw_store(
+            &td.path().join("main-db"),
+            &td.path().join("raw-store.db"),
+        )
+        .expect("open store");
+        let bytes = b"external-batch-blob".to_vec();
+        let hash = sha256_hex(&bytes);
+
+        store
+            .put_blob_bytes_batch(&[(hash.clone(), bytes.clone())])
+            .expect("put external blob bytes");
+
+        assert_eq!(
+            store
+                .get_blob_bytes_batch(&[hash, "00".repeat(32)])
+                .expect("get external blob batch"),
+            vec![Some(bytes), None]
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn get_blob_bytes_rejects_invalid_hash_for_internal_store() {
+        let td = tempfile::tempdir().expect("tempdir");
+        let store = RocksStore::open(td.path()).expect("open rocksdb");
+
+        let err = store
+            .get_blob_bytes("not-a-valid-hash")
+            .expect_err("invalid hash must fail");
+        assert!(matches!(err, StorageError::InvalidData { .. }));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn get_blob_bytes_batch_rejects_invalid_hash_for_internal_store() {
+        let td = tempfile::tempdir().expect("tempdir");
+        let store = RocksStore::open(td.path()).expect("open rocksdb");
+
+        let err = store
+            .get_blob_bytes_batch(&["not-a-valid-hash".to_string()])
+            .expect_err("invalid hash must fail");
+        assert!(matches!(err, StorageError::InvalidData { .. }));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn get_blob_bytes_batch_returns_empty_for_empty_request_internal() {
+        let td = tempfile::tempdir().expect("tempdir");
+        let store = RocksStore::open(td.path()).expect("open rocksdb");
+
+        assert!(
+            store
+                .get_blob_bytes_batch(&[])
+                .expect("empty blob batch request")
+                .is_empty()
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn put_blob_bytes_batch_accepts_empty_batch() {
+        let td = tempfile::tempdir().expect("tempdir");
+        let store = RocksStore::open(td.path()).expect("open rocksdb");
+
+        store
+            .put_blob_bytes_batch(&[])
+            .expect("empty blob batch should be a no-op");
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn put_blob_bytes_batch_rejects_empty_bytes() {
+        let td = tempfile::tempdir().expect("tempdir");
+        let store = RocksStore::open(td.path()).expect("open rocksdb");
+
+        let err = store
+            .put_blob_bytes_batch(&[(sha256_hex(b"valid"), Vec::new())])
+            .expect_err("empty bytes must fail");
+        assert!(matches!(err, StorageError::InvalidData { .. }));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn delete_raw_by_hash_entry_internal_preserves_blob_bytes() {
+        let td = tempfile::tempdir().expect("tempdir");
+        let store = RocksStore::open(td.path()).expect("open rocksdb");
+        let bytes = b"blob-persists-after-raw-delete".to_vec();
+        let hash = sha256_hex(&bytes);
+        let raw = RawByHashEntry::from_bytes(hash.clone(), bytes.clone());
+
+        store
+            .put_blob_bytes_batch(&[(hash.clone(), bytes.clone())])
+            .expect("put blob bytes");
+        store.put_raw_by_hash_entry(&raw).expect("put raw entry");
+
+        store
+            .delete_raw_by_hash_entry(&hash)
+            .expect("delete raw entry only");
+
+        assert!(store.get_raw_by_hash_entry(&hash).unwrap().is_none());
+        assert_eq!(store.get_blob_bytes(&hash).unwrap(), Some(bytes));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn delete_raw_by_hash_entry_rejects_invalid_hash() {
+        let td = tempfile::tempdir().expect("tempdir");
+        let store = RocksStore::open(td.path()).expect("open rocksdb");
+
+        let err = store
+            .delete_raw_by_hash_entry("not-a-valid-hash")
+            .expect_err("invalid hash must fail");
+        assert!(matches!(err, StorageError::InvalidData { .. }));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn delete_raw_by_hash_entry_routes_to_external_raw_store() {
+        let td = tempfile::tempdir().expect("tempdir");
+        let store = RocksStore::open_with_external_raw_store(
+            &td.path().join("main-db"),
+            &td.path().join("raw-store.db"),
+        )
+        .expect("open store");
+        let raw = sample_raw_by_hash_entry(b"external-delete".to_vec());
+
+        store.put_raw_by_hash_entry(&raw).expect("put raw entry");
+        store
+            .delete_raw_by_hash_entry(&raw.sha256_hex)
+            .expect("delete external raw entry");
+
+        assert!(store.get_raw_by_hash_entry(&raw.sha256_hex).unwrap().is_none());
+        assert!(store.get_blob_bytes(&raw.sha256_hex).unwrap().is_none());
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn repository_view_and_raw_by_hash_validation_errors_are_reported() {
         let td = tempfile::tempdir().expect("tempdir");
@@ -2558,6 +2876,71 @@ mod tests {
         assert_eq!(got.bytes, bytes);
     }
 
+    #[test]
+    fn load_current_object_with_hash_by_uri_uses_internal_blob_cf_without_raw_entry() {
+        let td = tempfile::tempdir().expect("tempdir");
+        let store = RocksStore::open(td.path()).expect("open rocksdb");
+        let rsync_uri = "rsync://example.test/repo/blob-only.roa";
+        let bytes = b"blob-only-current-object".to_vec();
+        let hash = sha256_hex(&bytes);
+
+        store
+            .put_blob_bytes_batch(&[(hash.clone(), bytes.clone())])
+            .expect("put blob bytes");
+        store
+            .put_repository_view_entry(&RepositoryViewEntry {
+                rsync_uri: rsync_uri.to_string(),
+                current_hash: Some(hash.clone()),
+                repository_source: Some("https://rrdp.example.test/notification.xml".to_string()),
+                object_type: Some("roa".to_string()),
+                state: RepositoryViewState::Present,
+            })
+            .expect("put view");
+
+        let got = store
+            .load_current_object_with_hash_by_uri(rsync_uri)
+            .expect("load current object")
+            .expect("current object exists");
+        assert_eq!(got.current_hash_hex, hash);
+        assert_eq!(got.current_hash, compute_sha256_32(&bytes));
+        assert_eq!(got.bytes, bytes);
+        assert!(
+            store
+                .get_raw_by_hash_entry(&got.current_hash_hex)
+                .expect("get raw entry")
+                .is_none()
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn load_current_object_bytes_by_uri_uses_internal_blob_cf_without_raw_entry() {
+        let td = tempfile::tempdir().expect("tempdir");
+        let store = RocksStore::open(td.path()).expect("open rocksdb");
+        let rsync_uri = "rsync://example.test/repo/blob-only-bytes.roa";
+        let bytes = b"blob-only-current-object-bytes".to_vec();
+        let hash = sha256_hex(&bytes);
+
+        store
+            .put_blob_bytes_batch(&[(hash, bytes.clone())])
+            .expect("put blob bytes");
+        store
+            .put_repository_view_entry(&RepositoryViewEntry {
+                rsync_uri: rsync_uri.to_string(),
+                current_hash: Some(sha256_hex(&bytes)),
+                repository_source: Some("https://rrdp.example.test/notification.xml".to_string()),
+                object_type: Some("roa".to_string()),
+                state: RepositoryViewState::Present,
+            })
+            .expect("put view");
+
+        assert_eq!(
+            store
+                .load_current_object_bytes_by_uri(rsync_uri)
+                .expect("load current object bytes"),
+            Some(bytes)
+        );
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn pack_file_can_lazy_load_bytes_from_external_raw_store() {
         let td = tempfile::tempdir().expect("tempdir");
@@ -2567,7 +2950,10 @@ mod tests {
         let bytes = b"lazy-pack-file".to_vec();
         let sha256_hex = sha256_hex(&bytes);
         raw_store
-            .put_raw_entry(&RawByHashEntry::from_bytes(sha256_hex.clone(), bytes.clone()))
+            .put_raw_entry(&RawByHashEntry::from_bytes(
+                sha256_hex.clone(),
+                bytes.clone(),
+            ))
             .expect("put raw entry");
 
         let file = PackFile::from_lazy_external_raw_store(
diff --git a/src/sync/repo.rs b/src/sync/repo.rs
index c2ec5d4..0766b33 100644
--- a/src/sync/repo.rs
+++ b/src/sync/repo.rs
@@ -7,14 +7,14 @@ use crate::policy::{Policy, SyncPreference};
 use crate::replay::archive::{ReplayArchiveIndex, ReplayTransport};
 use crate::replay::delta_archive::{ReplayDeltaArchiveIndex, ReplayDeltaRrdpKind};
 use crate::report::{RfcRef, Warning};
-use crate::storage::{RawByHashEntry, RocksStore};
+use crate::storage::RocksStore;
 use crate::sync::rrdp::sync_from_notification_with_timing_and_download_log;
 use crate::sync::rrdp::{Fetcher as HttpFetcher, RrdpSyncError, load_rrdp_local_state};
 use crate::sync::store_projection::{
-    build_repository_view_present_entry, build_repository_view_withdrawn_entry, compute_sha256_hex,
-    infer_object_type_from_uri,
+    build_repository_view_present_entry, build_repository_view_withdrawn_entry,
+    prepare_repo_bytes_batch,
 };
-use std::collections::{BTreeMap, HashSet};
+use std::collections::HashSet;
 
 #[cfg(test)]
 use crate::storage::RrdpSourceSyncState;
@@ -591,27 +591,11 @@ fn rsync_sync_into_current_store(
     let mut dl_span =
         download_log.map(|dl| dl.span_download(AuditDownloadKind::Rsync, rsync_base_uri));
     let mut new_set: HashSet<String> = HashSet::new();
-    let mut uri_to_hash: BTreeMap<String, String> = BTreeMap::new();
-    let mut pending_raw: BTreeMap<String, RawByHashEntry> = BTreeMap::new();
+    let mut fetched_objects: Vec<(String, Vec<u8>)> = Vec::new();
     let (object_count, bytes_total) =
         match rsync_fetcher.visit_objects(rsync_base_uri, &mut |uri, bytes| {
-            let sha256_hex = compute_sha256_hex(&bytes);
             new_set.insert(uri.clone());
-            uri_to_hash.insert(uri.clone(), sha256_hex.clone());
-            let entry = pending_raw
-                .entry(sha256_hex.clone())
-                .or_insert_with(|| RawByHashEntry::from_bytes(sha256_hex.clone(), bytes.clone()));
-            if entry.bytes != bytes {
-                return Err(format!(
-                    "raw_by_hash collision for {uri}: same sha256 maps to different bytes"
-                ));
-            }
-            if !entry.origin_uris.iter().any(|existing| existing == &uri) {
-                entry.origin_uris.push(uri.clone());
-            }
-            if entry.object_type.is_none() {
-                entry.object_type = infer_object_type_from_uri(&uri);
-            }
+            fetched_objects.push((uri, bytes));
             Ok(())
         }) {
             Ok(v) => {
@@ -652,44 +636,8 @@ fn rsync_sync_into_current_store(
     let _proj = timing
         .as_ref()
         .map(|t| t.span_phase("rsync_write_current_store_total"));
-    let hashes: Vec<String> = pending_raw.keys().cloned().collect();
-    let existing_entries = store
-        .get_raw_by_hash_entries_batch(&hashes)
-        .map_err(|e| RepoSyncError::Storage(e.to_string()))?;
-    let mut entries_to_write = Vec::new();
-    for (hash, existing_opt) in hashes.into_iter().zip(existing_entries.into_iter()) {
-        let mut pending_entry = pending_raw.remove(&hash).ok_or_else(|| {
-            RepoSyncError::Storage(format!("missing pending raw entry for {hash}"))
-        })?;
-        match existing_opt {
-            Some(mut existing) => {
-                if existing.bytes != pending_entry.bytes {
-                    return Err(RepoSyncError::Storage(format!(
-                        "raw_by_hash collision for hash {hash}: same sha256 maps to different bytes"
-                    )));
-                }
-                let mut changed = false;
-                for uri in pending_entry.origin_uris.drain(..) {
-                    if !existing
-                        .origin_uris
-                        .iter()
-                        .any(|existing_uri| existing_uri == &uri)
-                    {
-                        existing.origin_uris.push(uri);
-                        changed = true;
-                    }
-                }
-                if existing.object_type.is_none() && pending_entry.object_type.is_some() {
-                    existing.object_type = pending_entry.object_type;
-                    changed = true;
-                }
-                if changed {
-                    entries_to_write.push(existing);
-                }
-            }
-            None => entries_to_write.push(pending_entry),
-        }
-    }
+    let prepared_bytes =
+        prepare_repo_bytes_batch(&fetched_objects).map_err(RepoSyncError::Storage)?;
     let mut repository_view_entries = Vec::new();
     for entry in existing_view {
         if !new_set.contains(&entry.rsync_uri) {
@@ -702,9 +650,13 @@ fn rsync_sync_into_current_store(
     }
 
     for uri in &new_set {
-        let current_hash = uri_to_hash.get(uri).cloned().ok_or_else(|| {
-            RepoSyncError::Storage(format!("missing raw_by_hash mapping for {uri}"))
-        })?;
+        let current_hash = prepared_bytes
+            .uri_to_hash
+            .get(uri)
+            .cloned()
+            .ok_or_else(|| {
+                RepoSyncError::Storage(format!("missing raw_by_hash mapping for {uri}"))
+            })?;
         repository_view_entries.push(build_repository_view_present_entry(
             &sync_scope_uri,
             uri,
@@ -713,7 +665,7 @@ fn rsync_sync_into_current_store(
     }
 
     store
-        .put_raw_by_hash_entries_batch_unchecked(&entries_to_write)
+        .put_blob_bytes_batch(&prepared_bytes.blobs_to_write)
         .map_err(|e| RepoSyncError::Storage(e.to_string()))?;
     store
         .put_projection_batch(&repository_view_entries, &[], &[])
@@ -785,7 +737,7 @@ mod tests {
     use crate::storage::RepositoryViewState;
     use crate::sync::rrdp::Fetcher as HttpFetcher;
     use crate::sync::rrdp::RrdpState;
-    use crate::sync::store_projection::build_repository_view_present_entry;
+    use crate::sync::store_projection::{build_repository_view_present_entry, compute_sha256_hex};
     use base64::Engine;
     use sha2::Digest;
     use std::collections::HashMap;
@@ -1274,14 +1226,16 @@ mod tests {
             Some("rsync://example.test/repo/")
         );
 
-        let raw = store
-            .get_raw_by_hash_entry(hex::encode(sha2::Sha256::digest(b"roa")).as_str())
-            .expect("get raw_by_hash")
-            .expect("raw_by_hash entry present");
+        let current_bytes = store
+            .load_current_object_bytes_by_uri("rsync://example.test/repo/sub/b.roa")
+            .expect("load current bytes")
+            .expect("current object bytes exist");
+        assert_eq!(current_bytes, b"roa".to_vec());
         assert!(
-            raw.origin_uris
-                .iter()
-                .any(|uri| uri == "rsync://example.test/repo/sub/b.roa")
+            store
+                .get_raw_by_hash_entry(hex::encode(sha2::Sha256::digest(b"roa")).as_str())
+                .expect("get raw_by_hash")
+                .is_none()
         );
 
         let timing_path = temp.path().join("timing.json");
diff --git a/src/sync/rrdp.rs b/src/sync/rrdp.rs
index 7a88018..6693856 100644
--- a/src/sync/rrdp.rs
+++ b/src/sync/rrdp.rs
@@ -7,10 +7,10 @@ use crate::sync::store_projection::{
     build_repository_view_present_entry, build_repository_view_withdrawn_entry,
     build_rrdp_source_member_present_record, build_rrdp_source_member_withdrawn_record,
     build_rrdp_uri_owner_active_record, build_rrdp_uri_owner_withdrawn_record, compute_sha256_hex,
-    current_rrdp_owner_is, ensure_rrdp_uri_can_be_owned_by, prepare_raw_by_hash_evidence_batch,
+    current_rrdp_owner_is, ensure_rrdp_uri_can_be_owned_by, prepare_repo_bytes_batch,
     put_repository_view_present, put_repository_view_withdrawn, put_rrdp_source_member_present,
     put_rrdp_source_member_withdrawn, put_rrdp_uri_owner_active, put_rrdp_uri_owner_withdrawn,
-    update_rrdp_source_record_on_success, upsert_raw_by_hash_evidence,
+    update_rrdp_source_record_on_success, upsert_repo_blob_bytes,
 };
 use base64::Engine;
 use quick_xml::Reader;
@@ -1097,8 +1097,8 @@ fn apply_delta(
     for effect in projection {
         match effect {
             DeltaProjectionEffect::Upsert { rsync_uri, bytes } => {
-                let current_hash = upsert_raw_by_hash_evidence(store, &rsync_uri, &bytes)
-                    .map_err(RrdpSyncError::Storage)?;
+                let current_hash =
+                    upsert_repo_blob_bytes(store, &bytes).map_err(RrdpSyncError::Storage)?;
                 put_repository_view_present(store, notification_uri, &rsync_uri, &current_hash)
                     .map_err(RrdpSyncError::Storage)?;
                 if let Some(index) = current_repo_index {
@@ -1493,16 +1493,19 @@ fn flush_snapshot_publish_batch(
     serial: u64,
     published: &[(String, Vec<u8>)],
 ) -> Result<(), RrdpSyncError> {
-    let prepared_raw =
-        prepare_raw_by_hash_evidence_batch(store, published).map_err(RrdpSyncError::Storage)?;
+    let prepared_bytes = prepare_repo_bytes_batch(published).map_err(RrdpSyncError::Storage)?;
     let mut repository_view_entries = Vec::with_capacity(published.len());
     let mut member_records = Vec::with_capacity(published.len());
     let mut owner_records = Vec::with_capacity(published.len());
 
     for (uri, _bytes) in published {
-        let current_hash = prepared_raw.uri_to_hash.get(uri).cloned().ok_or_else(|| {
-            RrdpSyncError::Storage(format!("missing raw_by_hash mapping for {uri}"))
-        })?;
+        let current_hash = prepared_bytes
+            .uri_to_hash
+            .get(uri)
+            .cloned()
+            .ok_or_else(|| {
+                RrdpSyncError::Storage(format!("missing raw_by_hash mapping for {uri}"))
+            })?;
         repository_view_entries.push(build_repository_view_present_entry(
             notification_uri,
             uri,
@@ -1525,7 +1528,7 @@ fn flush_snapshot_publish_batch(
     }
 
     store
-        .put_raw_by_hash_entries_batch_unchecked(&prepared_raw.entries_to_write)
+        .put_blob_bytes_batch(&prepared_bytes.blobs_to_write)
         .map_err(|e| RrdpSyncError::Storage(e.to_string()))?;
     store
         .put_projection_batch(&repository_view_entries, &member_records, &owner_records)
@@ -2445,14 +2448,16 @@ mod tests {
         assert_eq!(view.state, crate::storage::RepositoryViewState::Present);
         assert_eq!(view.repository_source.as_deref(), Some(notif_uri));
 
-        let raw = store
-            .get_raw_by_hash_entry(hex::encode(sha2::Sha256::digest(b"mft-bytes")).as_str())
-            .expect("get raw_by_hash")
-            .expect("raw_by_hash exists");
+        let current_bytes = store
+            .load_current_object_bytes_by_uri("rsync://example.net/repo/a.mft")
+            .expect("load current bytes")
+            .expect("current object bytes exist");
+        assert_eq!(current_bytes, b"mft-bytes".to_vec());
         assert!(
-            raw.origin_uris
-                .iter()
-                .any(|uri| uri == "rsync://example.net/repo/a.mft")
+            store
+                .get_raw_by_hash_entry(hex::encode(sha2::Sha256::digest(b"mft-bytes")).as_str())
+                .expect("get raw_by_hash")
+                .is_none()
         );
 
         let member = store
diff --git a/src/sync/store_projection.rs b/src/sync/store_projection.rs
index a520ee1..ff145ef 100644
--- a/src/sync/store_projection.rs
+++ b/src/sync/store_projection.rs
@@ -7,11 +7,50 @@ use crate::storage::{
 };
 use sha2::Digest;
 
+#[allow(dead_code)]
 pub struct PreparedRawByHashBatch {
     pub uri_to_hash: BTreeMap<String, String>,
     pub entries_to_write: Vec<RawByHashEntry>,
 }
 
+pub struct PreparedRepoBytesBatch {
+    pub uri_to_hash: BTreeMap<String, String>,
+    pub blobs_to_write: Vec<(String, Vec<u8>)>,
+}
+
+pub fn prepare_repo_bytes_batch(
+    objects: &[(String, Vec<u8>)],
+) -> Result<PreparedRepoBytesBatch, String> {
+    let mut uri_to_hash: BTreeMap<String, String> = BTreeMap::new();
+    let mut pending: BTreeMap<String, Vec<u8>> = BTreeMap::new();
+
+    for (uri, bytes) in objects {
+        if bytes.is_empty() {
+            return Err(format!("repo bytes for {uri} must not be empty"));
+        }
+        let sha256_hex = compute_sha256_hex(bytes);
+        uri_to_hash.insert(uri.clone(), sha256_hex.clone());
+        match pending.entry(sha256_hex) {
+            std::collections::btree_map::Entry::Vacant(slot) => {
+                slot.insert(bytes.clone());
+            }
+            std::collections::btree_map::Entry::Occupied(existing) => {
+                if existing.get() != bytes {
+                    return Err(format!(
+                        "repo bytes collision for {uri}: same sha256 maps to different bytes"
+                    ));
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    Ok(PreparedRepoBytesBatch {
+        uri_to_hash,
+        blobs_to_write: pending.into_iter().collect(),
+    })
+}
+
+#[allow(dead_code)]
 pub fn prepare_raw_by_hash_evidence_batch(
     store: &RocksStore,
     objects: &[(String, Vec<u8>)],
@@ -83,6 +122,17 @@ pub fn prepare_raw_by_hash_evidence_batch(
     })
 }
 
+pub fn upsert_repo_blob_bytes(store: &RocksStore, bytes: &[u8]) -> Result<String, String> {
+    if bytes.is_empty() {
+        return Err("repo bytes must not be empty".to_string());
+    }
+    let sha256_hex = compute_sha256_hex(bytes);
+    store
+        .put_blob_bytes_batch(&[(sha256_hex.clone(), bytes.to_vec())])
+        .map_err(|e| e.to_string())?;
+    Ok(sha256_hex)
+}
+
 pub fn infer_object_type_from_uri(uri: &str) -> Option<String> {
     let ext = uri.rsplit('.').next()?;
     let ext = ext.to_ascii_lowercase();
@@ -194,6 +244,7 @@ pub fn build_rrdp_uri_owner_withdrawn_record(
     }
 }
 
+#[allow(dead_code)]
 pub fn upsert_raw_by_hash_evidence(
     store: &RocksStore,
     rsync_uri: &str,
@@ -401,3 +452,36 @@ pub fn compute_sha256_hex(bytes: &[u8]) -> String {
 pub fn now_pack_time() -> PackTime {
     PackTime::from_utc_offset_datetime(time::OffsetDateTime::now_utc())
 }
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::prepare_repo_bytes_batch;
+    use std::collections::BTreeSet;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn prepare_repo_bytes_batch_deduplicates_by_hash() {
+        let objects = vec![
+            (
+                "rsync://example.test/repo/a.roa".to_string(),
+                b"same".to_vec(),
+            ),
+            (
+                "rsync://example.test/repo/b.roa".to_string(),
+                b"same".to_vec(),
+            ),
+            (
+                "rsync://example.test/repo/c.roa".to_string(),
+                b"other".to_vec(),
+            ),
+        ];
+        let prepared = prepare_repo_bytes_batch(&objects).expect("prepare repo bytes");
+        assert_eq!(prepared.uri_to_hash.len(), 3);
+        assert_eq!(prepared.blobs_to_write.len(), 2);
+        let unique_hashes = prepared
+            .blobs_to_write
+            .iter()
+            .map(|(hash, _)| hash.clone())
+            .collect::<BTreeSet<_>>();
+        assert_eq!(unique_hashes.len(), 2);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/validation/cert_path.rs b/src/validation/cert_path.rs
index 6d7dbfc..7ef72b3 100644
--- a/src/validation/cert_path.rs
+++ b/src/validation/cert_path.rs
@@ -3,6 +3,8 @@ use crate::data_model::crl::{CrlDecodeError, CrlVerifyError, RpkixCrl};
 use crate::data_model::rc::{
     ResourceCertKind, ResourceCertificate, ResourceCertificateDecodeError,
 };
+use crate::data_model::signed_object::{EeKeyUsageSummary, ResourceEeCertificate};
+use ring::signature;
 use x509_parser::prelude::{FromDer, X509Certificate};
 
 use crate::validation::x509_name::x509_names_equivalent;
@@ -63,6 +65,9 @@ pub enum CertPathError {
     #[error("EE KeyUsage must have only digitalSignature set (RFC 6487 §4.8.4)")]
     KeyUsageInvalidBits,
 
+    #[error("EE KeyUsage parse failed: {0} (RFC 6487 §4.8.4; RFC 5280 §4.2.1.3)")]
+    KeyUsageParse(String),
+
     #[error("issuer CA subjectKeyIdentifier missing (RFC 6487 §4.8.2)")]
     IssuerSkiMissing,
 
@@ -235,6 +240,34 @@ pub fn validate_ee_cert_path_with_predecoded_ee(
     )
 }
 
+/// Validate a signed-object embedded EE certificate path using signed-object cached fields.
+///
+/// This avoids reparsing the EE certificate as `X509Certificate` and bypasses the
+/// x509-parser signature wrapper by verifying the cached TBS/signature bytes directly.
+pub fn validate_signed_object_ee_cert_path_fast(
+    ee: &ResourceEeCertificate,
+    issuer_ca: &ResourceCertificate,
+    issuer_spki: &SubjectPublicKeyInfo<'_>,
+    issuer_crl: &RpkixCrl,
+    issuer_crl_revoked_serials: &HashSet<Vec<u8>>,
+    issuer_ca_rsync_uri: Option<&str>,
+    issuer_crl_rsync_uri: Option<&str>,
+    validation_time: time::OffsetDateTime,
+) -> Result<(), CertPathError> {
+    validate_ee_cert_path_bindings_and_status(
+        &ee.resource_cert,
+        issuer_ca,
+        issuer_crl,
+        issuer_crl_revoked_serials,
+        issuer_ca_rsync_uri,
+        issuer_crl_rsync_uri,
+        validation_time,
+    )?;
+    validate_ee_key_usage_summary(&ee.key_usage_summary)?;
+    verify_ee_cert_signature_fast(&ee.tbs_certificate_der, &ee.signature_bytes, issuer_spki)?;
+    Ok(())
+}
+
 fn validate_ee_cert_path_components(
     ee: &ResourceCertificate,
     ee_cert_der: &[u8],
@@ -245,6 +278,32 @@ fn validate_ee_cert_path_components(
     issuer_ca_rsync_uri: Option<&str>,
     issuer_crl_rsync_uri: Option<&str>,
     validation_time: time::OffsetDateTime,
+) -> Result<(), CertPathError> {
+    validate_ee_cert_path_bindings_and_status(
+        ee,
+        issuer_ca,
+        issuer_crl,
+        issuer_crl_revoked_serials,
+        issuer_ca_rsync_uri,
+        issuer_crl_rsync_uri,
+        validation_time,
+    )?;
+
+    let ee_x509 = parse_x509_cert(ee_cert_der)?;
+    verify_ee_cert_signature(&ee_x509, issuer_spki)?;
+    validate_ee_key_usage(&ee_x509)?;
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+fn validate_ee_cert_path_bindings_and_status(
+    ee: &ResourceCertificate,
+    issuer_ca: &ResourceCertificate,
+    issuer_crl: &RpkixCrl,
+    issuer_crl_revoked_serials: &HashSet<Vec<u8>>,
+    issuer_ca_rsync_uri: Option<&str>,
+    issuer_crl_rsync_uri: Option<&str>,
+    validation_time: time::OffsetDateTime,
 ) -> Result<(), CertPathError> {
     if ee.kind != ResourceCertKind::Ee {
         return Err(CertPathError::EeNotEe);
@@ -280,10 +339,6 @@ fn validate_ee_cert_path_components(
         return Err(CertPathError::CertificateNotValidAtTime);
     }
 
-    let ee_x509 = parse_x509_cert(ee_cert_der)?;
-    verify_ee_cert_signature(&ee_x509, issuer_spki)?;
-    validate_ee_key_usage(&ee_x509)?;
-
     if !crl_valid_at_time(issuer_crl, validation_time) {
         return Err(CertPathError::CrlNotValidAtTime);
     }
@@ -324,6 +379,19 @@ fn verify_ee_cert_signature(
         .map_err(|e| CertPathError::EeSignatureInvalid(e.to_string()))
 }
 
+fn verify_ee_cert_signature_fast(
+    ee_tbs_der: &[u8],
+    ee_signature_bytes: &[u8],
+    issuer_spki: &SubjectPublicKeyInfo<'_>,
+) -> Result<(), CertPathError> {
+    let key = signature::UnparsedPublicKey::new(
+        &signature::RSA_PKCS1_2048_8192_SHA256,
+        &issuer_spki.subject_public_key.data,
+    );
+    key.verify(ee_tbs_der, ee_signature_bytes)
+        .map_err(|e| CertPathError::EeSignatureInvalid(e.to_string()))
+}
+
 fn validate_ee_aki_matches_issuer_ski(
     ee: &ResourceCertificate,
     issuer_ca: &ResourceCertificate,
@@ -408,6 +476,16 @@ fn validate_ee_key_usage(cert: &X509Certificate<'_>) -> Result<(), CertPathError
     Ok(())
 }
 
+fn validate_ee_key_usage_summary(summary: &EeKeyUsageSummary) -> Result<(), CertPathError> {
+    match summary {
+        EeKeyUsageSummary::DigitalSignatureOnly => Ok(()),
+        EeKeyUsageSummary::Missing => Err(CertPathError::KeyUsageMissing),
+        EeKeyUsageSummary::NotCritical => Err(CertPathError::KeyUsageNotCritical),
+        EeKeyUsageSummary::InvalidBits => Err(CertPathError::KeyUsageInvalidBits),
+        EeKeyUsageSummary::ParseError(err) => Err(CertPathError::KeyUsageParse(err.clone())),
+    }
+}
+
 fn time_within_validity(
     t: time::OffsetDateTime,
     not_before: time::OffsetDateTime,
diff --git a/src/validation/manifest.rs b/src/validation/manifest.rs
index 097b8a5..01564fe 100644
--- a/src/validation/manifest.rs
+++ b/src/validation/manifest.rs
@@ -1,15 +1,15 @@
-use crate::blob_store::RawObjectStore;
 use crate::current_repo_index::CurrentRepoIndexHandle;
 use crate::data_model::manifest::{ManifestDecodeError, ManifestObject, ManifestValidateError};
 use crate::data_model::signed_object::SignedObjectVerifyError;
 use crate::policy::{CaFailedFetchPolicy, Policy};
 use crate::report::{RfcRef, Warning};
 use crate::storage::{PackFile, PackTime, RocksStore, StorageError, VcirArtifactRole};
-use crate::validation::cert_path::{CertPathError, validate_ee_cert_path};
+use crate::validation::cert_path::{CertPathError, validate_signed_object_ee_cert_path_fast};
 use crate::validation::publication_point::PublicationPointSnapshot;
 use sha2::Digest;
 use std::cmp::Ordering;
 use std::collections::HashSet;
+use x509_parser::prelude::FromDer;
 
 #[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub enum PublicationPointSource {
@@ -737,7 +737,10 @@ pub(crate) fn try_build_fresh_publication_point_with_timing(
     timing.manifest_entries_ms = manifest_entries_started.elapsed().as_millis() as u64;
     let mut files = Vec::with_capacity(manifest.manifest.file_count());
     let pack_files_started = std::time::Instant::now();
-    let external_raw_store = store.external_raw_store_ref().cloned().map(std::sync::Arc::new);
+    let external_raw_store = store
+        .external_raw_store_ref()
+        .cloned()
+        .map(std::sync::Arc::new);
     for entry in &entries {
         let rsync_uri =
             join_rsync_dir_and_file(publication_point_rsync_uri, entry.file_name.as_str());
@@ -768,7 +771,9 @@ pub(crate) fn try_build_fresh_publication_point_with_timing(
             return Err(ManifestFreshError::HashMismatch { rsync_uri });
         }
 
-        if let (Some(_), Some(raw_store)) = (current_index_guard.as_ref(), external_raw_store.as_ref()) {
+        if let (Some(_), Some(raw_store)) =
+            (current_index_guard.as_ref(), external_raw_store.as_ref())
+        {
             files.push(PackFile::from_lazy_external_raw_store(
                 rsync_uri,
                 current_object.current_hash_hex,
@@ -855,7 +860,6 @@ fn validate_manifest_embedded_ee_cert_path(
     validation_time: time::OffsetDateTime,
 ) -> Result<(), ManifestFreshError> {
     let ee = &manifest.signed_object.signed_data.certificates[0];
-    let ee_der = ee.raw_der.as_slice();
 
     let crl_files = files
         .iter()
@@ -878,13 +882,31 @@ fn validate_manifest_embedded_ee_cert_path(
     for u in crldp_uris {
         let s = u.as_str();
         if let Some(f) = crl_files.iter().find(|f| f.rsync_uri == s) {
-            let crl_bytes = f
-                .bytes()
-                .map_err(|e| ManifestFreshError::MissingFile { rsync_uri: format!("{s} ({e})") })?;
-            let _validated = validate_ee_cert_path(
-                ee_der,
-                issuer_ca_der,
-                crl_bytes,
+            let crl_bytes = f.bytes().map_err(|e| ManifestFreshError::MissingFile {
+                rsync_uri: format!("{s} ({e})"),
+            })?;
+            let issuer_ca = crate::data_model::rc::ResourceCertificate::decode_der(issuer_ca_der)
+                .map_err(CertPathError::IssuerDecode)?;
+            let (rem, issuer_spki) = x509_parser::x509::SubjectPublicKeyInfo::from_der(
+                &issuer_ca.tbs.subject_public_key_info,
+            )
+            .map_err(|e| CertPathError::IssuerSpkiParse(e.to_string()))?;
+            if !rem.is_empty() {
+                return Err(CertPathError::IssuerSpkiTrailingBytes(rem.len()).into());
+            }
+            let issuer_crl = crate::data_model::crl::RpkixCrl::decode_der(crl_bytes)
+                .map_err(CertPathError::from)?;
+            let revoked_serials = issuer_crl
+                .revoked_certs
+                .iter()
+                .map(|rc| rc.serial_number.bytes_be.clone())
+                .collect::<std::collections::HashSet<_>>();
+            validate_signed_object_ee_cert_path_fast(
+                ee,
+                &issuer_ca,
+                &issuer_spki,
+                &issuer_crl,
+                &revoked_serials,
                 issuer_ca_rsync_uri,
                 Some(f.rsync_uri.as_str()),
                 validation_time,
@@ -1418,7 +1440,10 @@ mod tests {
         assert_eq!(point.manifest_bytes, manifest_bytes);
         assert_eq!(point.files.len(), 1);
         assert_eq!(point.files[0].rsync_uri, locked_uri);
-        assert_eq!(point.files[0].bytes_cloned().expect("locked bytes"), locked_bytes);
+        assert_eq!(
+            point.files[0].bytes_cloned().expect("locked bytes"),
+            locked_bytes
+        );
     }
 
     #[test]
diff --git a/src/validation/objects.rs b/src/validation/objects.rs
index 8aa719d..97c458d 100644
--- a/src/validation/objects.rs
+++ b/src/validation/objects.rs
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ use crate::data_model::signed_object::SignedObjectVerifyError;
 use crate::policy::{Policy, SignedObjectFailurePolicy};
 use crate::report::{RfcRef, Warning};
 use crate::storage::{PackFile, PackTime, VcirLocalOutput, VcirOutputType};
-use crate::validation::cert_path::{CertPathError, validate_ee_cert_path_with_predecoded_ee};
+use crate::validation::cert_path::{CertPathError, validate_signed_object_ee_cert_path_fast};
 use crate::validation::manifest::PublicationPointData;
 use crate::validation::publication_point::PublicationPointSnapshot;
 use x509_parser::prelude::FromDer;
@@ -221,10 +221,7 @@ pub fn process_publication_point_for_issuer<P: PublicationPointData>(
             let bytes = f
                 .bytes_cloned()
                 .expect("snapshot CRL bytes must be loadable");
-            (
-                f.rsync_uri.clone(),
-                CachedIssuerCrl::Pending(bytes),
-            )
+            (f.rsync_uri.clone(), CachedIssuerCrl::Pending(bytes))
         })
         .collect();
 
@@ -605,18 +602,21 @@ fn process_roa_with_issuer(
     roa.signed_object.verify()?;
     drop(_verify);
 
-    let ee = &roa.signed_object.signed_data.certificates[0].resource_cert;
-    let ee_der = &roa.signed_object.signed_data.certificates[0].raw_der;
-    let ee_crldp_uris = ee.tbs.extensions.crl_distribution_points_uris.as_ref();
+    let ee = &roa.signed_object.signed_data.certificates[0];
+    let ee_crldp_uris = ee
+        .resource_cert
+        .tbs
+        .extensions
+        .crl_distribution_points_uris
+        .as_ref();
     let issuer_crl_rsync_uri = choose_crl_uri_for_certificate(ee_crldp_uris, crl_cache)?;
     let verified_crl = ensure_issuer_crl_verified(issuer_crl_rsync_uri, crl_cache, issuer_ca_der)?;
 
     let _cert_path = timing
         .as_ref()
         .map(|t| t.span_phase("objects_roa_validate_ee_cert_path_total"));
-    validate_ee_cert_path_with_predecoded_ee(
+    validate_signed_object_ee_cert_path_fast(
         ee,
-        ee_der,
         issuer_ca,
         issuer_spki,
         &verified_crl.crl,
@@ -631,7 +631,7 @@ fn process_roa_with_issuer(
         .as_ref()
         .map(|t| t.span_phase("objects_roa_validate_ee_resources_subset_total"));
     validate_ee_resources_subset(
-        &ee,
+        &ee.resource_cert,
         issuer_effective_ip,
         issuer_effective_as,
         issuer_resources_index,
@@ -641,7 +641,8 @@ fn process_roa_with_issuer(
     let vrps = roa_to_vrps(&roa);
     let source_object_hash = sha256_hex_from_32(&file.sha256);
     let source_ee_cert_hash = crate::audit::sha256_hex(ee.raw_der.as_slice());
-    let item_effective_until = PackTime::from_utc_offset_datetime(ee.tbs.validity_not_after);
+    let item_effective_until =
+        PackTime::from_utc_offset_datetime(ee.resource_cert.tbs.validity_not_after);
     let local_outputs = vrps
         .iter()
         .map(|vrp| {
@@ -713,18 +714,21 @@ fn process_aspa_with_issuer(
     aspa.signed_object.verify()?;
     drop(_verify);
 
-    let ee = &aspa.signed_object.signed_data.certificates[0].resource_cert;
-    let ee_der = &aspa.signed_object.signed_data.certificates[0].raw_der;
-    let ee_crldp_uris = ee.tbs.extensions.crl_distribution_points_uris.as_ref();
+    let ee = &aspa.signed_object.signed_data.certificates[0];
+    let ee_crldp_uris = ee
+        .resource_cert
+        .tbs
+        .extensions
+        .crl_distribution_points_uris
+        .as_ref();
     let issuer_crl_rsync_uri = choose_crl_uri_for_certificate(ee_crldp_uris, crl_cache)?;
     let verified_crl = ensure_issuer_crl_verified(issuer_crl_rsync_uri, crl_cache, issuer_ca_der)?;
 
     let _cert_path = timing
         .as_ref()
         .map(|t| t.span_phase("objects_aspa_validate_ee_cert_path_total"));
-    validate_ee_cert_path_with_predecoded_ee(
+    validate_signed_object_ee_cert_path_fast(
         ee,
-        ee_der,
         issuer_ca,
         issuer_spki,
         &verified_crl.crl,
@@ -739,7 +743,7 @@ fn process_aspa_with_issuer(
         .as_ref()
         .map(|t| t.span_phase("objects_aspa_validate_ee_resources_subset_total"));
     validate_ee_resources_subset(
-        &ee,
+        &ee.resource_cert,
         issuer_effective_ip,
         issuer_effective_as,
         issuer_resources_index,
@@ -752,7 +756,8 @@ fn process_aspa_with_issuer(
     };
     let source_object_hash = sha256_hex_from_32(&file.sha256);
     let source_ee_cert_hash = crate::audit::sha256_hex(ee.raw_der.as_slice());
-    let item_effective_until = PackTime::from_utc_offset_datetime(ee.tbs.validity_not_after);
+    let item_effective_until =
+        PackTime::from_utc_offset_datetime(ee.resource_cert.tbs.validity_not_after);
     let providers = attestation
         .provider_as_ids
         .iter()
diff --git a/src/validation/tree_runner.rs b/src/validation/tree_runner.rs
index d0036d2..5c0f7a5 100644
--- a/src/validation/tree_runner.rs
+++ b/src/validation/tree_runner.rs
@@ -823,10 +823,7 @@ fn discover_children_from_fresh_snapshot_with_audit<P: PublicationPointData>(
             let bytes = f
                 .bytes_cloned()
                 .map_err(|e| format!("snapshot CRL bytes load failed: {e}"))?;
-            Ok((
-                f.rsync_uri.clone(),
-                CachedIssuerCrl::Pending(bytes),
-            ))
+            Ok((f.rsync_uri.clone(), CachedIssuerCrl::Pending(bytes)))
         })
         .collect::<Result<_, String>>()?;
 
@@ -1480,7 +1477,11 @@ fn build_publication_point_audit_from_snapshot(
         if !f.rsync_uri.ends_with(".crl") {
             continue;
         }
-        let ok = f.bytes().ok().and_then(|bytes| RpkixCrl::decode_der(bytes).ok()).is_some();
+        let ok = f
+            .bytes()
+            .ok()
+            .and_then(|bytes| RpkixCrl::decode_der(bytes).ok())
+            .is_some();
         audit_by_uri.insert(
             f.rsync_uri.clone(),
             ObjectAuditEntry {
@@ -2477,7 +2478,7 @@ fn select_manifest_current_crl_from_snapshot(
                 file.bytes()
                     .map_err(|e| format!("load current CRL bytes for VCIR failed: {e}"))?,
             )
-                .map_err(|e| format!("decode current CRL for VCIR failed: {e}"))?;
+            .map_err(|e| format!("decode current CRL for VCIR failed: {e}"))?;
             return Ok(CurrentCrlRef { file, crl });
         }
     }
@@ -2519,7 +2520,7 @@ fn build_vcir_local_outputs(
                 file.bytes()
                     .map_err(|e| format!("load accepted ROA bytes for VCIR failed: {e}"))?,
             )
-                .map_err(|e| format!("decode accepted ROA for VCIR failed: {e}"))?;
+            .map_err(|e| format!("decode accepted ROA for VCIR failed: {e}"))?;
             let ee = &roa.signed_object.signed_data.certificates[0];
             let source_ee_cert_hash = sha256_hex(ee.raw_der.as_slice());
             let item_effective_until =
@@ -2561,7 +2562,7 @@ fn build_vcir_local_outputs(
                 file.bytes()
                     .map_err(|e| format!("load accepted ASPA bytes for VCIR failed: {e}"))?,
             )
-                .map_err(|e| format!("decode accepted ASPA for VCIR failed: {e}"))?;
+            .map_err(|e| format!("decode accepted ASPA for VCIR failed: {e}"))?;
             let ee = &aspa.signed_object.signed_data.certificates[0];
             let source_ee_cert_hash = sha256_hex(ee.raw_der.as_slice());
             let item_effective_until =
@@ -3610,8 +3611,7 @@ authorityKeyIdentifier = keyid:always
             publication_point_rsync_uri: pack.publication_point_rsync_uri.clone(),
             rrdp_notification_uri: None,
         };
-        persist_vcir_non_repository_evidence(&store, &ca)
-            .expect("persist embedded evidence");
+        persist_vcir_non_repository_evidence(&store, &ca).expect("persist embedded evidence");
 
         let issuer_hash = sha256_hex(&issuer_ca_der);
         let issuer_entry = store
@@ -3901,7 +3901,8 @@ authorityKeyIdentifier = keyid:always
         assert!(
             !artifacts
                 .iter()
-                .any(|artifact| artifact.uri.is_none() && artifact.sha256 == sha256_hex(b"embedded-ee")),
+                .any(|artifact| artifact.uri.is_none()
+                    && artifact.sha256 == sha256_hex(b"embedded-ee")),
             "embedded EE cert artifacts should no longer be persisted separately"
         );
     }
diff --git a/tests/test_apnic_stats_live_stage2.rs b/tests/test_apnic_stats_live_stage2.rs
index 5ded127..3fa9561 100644
--- a/tests/test_apnic_stats_live_stage2.rs
+++ b/tests/test_apnic_stats_live_stage2.rs
@@ -88,7 +88,11 @@ impl LiveStats {
 
                 if f.rsync_uri.ends_with(".crl") {
                     self.crl_total += 1;
-                    if f.bytes().ok().and_then(|b| RpkixCrl::decode_der(b).ok()).is_some() {
+                    if f.bytes()
+                        .ok()
+                        .and_then(|b| RpkixCrl::decode_der(b).ok())
+                        .is_some()
+                    {
                         self.crl_decode_ok += 1;
                     }
                 }
diff --git a/tests/test_cert_path_key_usage.rs b/tests/test_cert_path_key_usage.rs
index 56154dd..74f80ea 100644
--- a/tests/test_cert_path_key_usage.rs
+++ b/tests/test_cert_path_key_usage.rs
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ use std::process::Command;
 
 use rpki::validation::cert_path::{
     CertPathError, validate_ee_cert_path, validate_ee_cert_path_with_predecoded_ee,
+    validate_signed_object_ee_cert_path_fast,
 };
 
 fn openssl_available() -> bool {
@@ -367,6 +368,109 @@ fn validate_ee_cert_path_with_predecoded_ee_matches_prevalidated_path_rules() {
     assert!(matches!(err, CertPathError::EeRevoked), "{err}");
 }
 
+#[test]
+fn validate_signed_object_ee_cert_path_fast_matches_predecoded_helper_on_real_manifest_fixture() {
+    use rpki::data_model::common::BigUnsigned;
+    use rpki::data_model::crl::RpkixCrl;
+    use rpki::data_model::manifest::ManifestObject;
+    use rpki::data_model::rc::ResourceCertificate;
+    use std::collections::HashSet;
+    use x509_parser::prelude::FromDer;
+    use x509_parser::x509::SubjectPublicKeyInfo;
+
+    let manifest_der = std::fs::read(
+        "tests/fixtures/repository/rpki.cernet.net/repo/cernet/0/05FC9C5B88506F7C0D3F862C8895BED67E9F8EBA.mft",
+    )
+    .expect("read manifest fixture");
+    let crl_der = std::fs::read(
+        "tests/fixtures/repository/rpki.cernet.net/repo/cernet/0/05FC9C5B88506F7C0D3F862C8895BED67E9F8EBA.crl",
+    )
+    .expect("read crl fixture");
+    let issuer_der = std::fs::read(
+        "tests/fixtures/repository/rpki.apnic.net/repository/B527EF581D6611E2BB468F7C72FD1FF2/BfycW4hQb3wNP4YsiJW-1n6fjro.cer",
+    )
+    .expect("read issuer fixture");
+
+    let manifest = ManifestObject::decode_der(&manifest_der).expect("decode manifest");
+    let ee = &manifest.signed_object.signed_data.certificates[0];
+
+    let issuer = ResourceCertificate::decode_der(&issuer_der).expect("decode issuer");
+    let issuer_crl = RpkixCrl::decode_der(&crl_der).expect("decode crl");
+    let (rem, issuer_spki) = SubjectPublicKeyInfo::from_der(&issuer.tbs.subject_public_key_info)
+        .expect("parse issuer spki");
+    assert!(rem.is_empty());
+
+    let now = ee
+        .resource_cert
+        .tbs
+        .validity_not_before
+        .max(issuer.tbs.validity_not_before)
+        .max(issuer_crl.this_update.utc)
+        + time::Duration::seconds(1);
+    assert!(now < ee.resource_cert.tbs.validity_not_after);
+    assert!(now < issuer.tbs.validity_not_after);
+    assert!(now < issuer_crl.next_update.utc);
+
+    let issuer_uri = ee
+        .resource_cert
+        .tbs
+        .extensions
+        .ca_issuers_uris
+        .as_ref()
+        .and_then(|uris| uris.iter().find(|u| u.starts_with("rsync://")))
+        .expect("issuer uri")
+        .to_string();
+    let crl_uri = ee
+        .resource_cert
+        .tbs
+        .extensions
+        .crl_distribution_points_uris
+        .as_ref()
+        .and_then(|uris| uris.iter().find(|u| u.starts_with("rsync://")))
+        .expect("crl uri")
+        .to_string();
+
+    validate_ee_cert_path_with_predecoded_ee(
+        &ee.resource_cert,
+        &ee.raw_der,
+        &issuer,
+        &issuer_spki,
+        &issuer_crl,
+        &HashSet::new(),
+        Some(&issuer_uri),
+        Some(&crl_uri),
+        now,
+    )
+    .expect("predecoded helper accepts fixture");
+
+    validate_signed_object_ee_cert_path_fast(
+        ee,
+        &issuer,
+        &issuer_spki,
+        &issuer_crl,
+        &HashSet::new(),
+        Some(&issuer_uri),
+        Some(&crl_uri),
+        now,
+    )
+    .expect("fast helper accepts fixture");
+
+    let mut revoked = HashSet::new();
+    revoked.insert(BigUnsigned::from_biguint(&ee.resource_cert.tbs.serial_number).bytes_be);
+    let err = validate_signed_object_ee_cert_path_fast(
+        ee,
+        &issuer,
+        &issuer_spki,
+        &issuer_crl,
+        &revoked,
+        Some(&issuer_uri),
+        Some(&crl_uri),
+        now,
+    )
+    .unwrap_err();
+    assert!(matches!(err, CertPathError::EeRevoked), "{err}");
+}
+
 #[test]
 fn validate_ee_cert_path_with_prevalidated_issuer_rejects_non_ee_and_non_ca_issuer() {
     use rpki::data_model::crl::RpkixCrl;
diff --git a/tests/test_cir_matrix_m9.rs b/tests/test_cir_matrix_m9.rs
index 7d3d876..659c6c3 100644
--- a/tests/test_cir_matrix_m9.rs
+++ b/tests/test_cir_matrix_m9.rs
@@ -135,7 +135,10 @@ fn cir_replay_matrix_script_matches_reference_for_all_participants() {
         PathBuf::from(env!("CARGO_MANIFEST_DIR")).join("scripts/cir/run_cir_replay_matrix.sh");
     let out = Command::new(script)
         .env("CIR_MATERIALIZE_BIN", env!("CARGO_BIN_EXE_cir_materialize"))
-        .env("CIR_EXTRACT_INPUTS_BIN", env!("CARGO_BIN_EXE_cir_extract_inputs"))
+        .env(
+            "CIR_EXTRACT_INPUTS_BIN",
+            env!("CARGO_BIN_EXE_cir_extract_inputs"),
+        )
         .env(
             "CCR_TO_COMPARE_VIEWS_BIN",
             env!("CARGO_BIN_EXE_ccr_to_compare_views"),
diff --git a/tests/test_cir_peer_replay_m8.rs b/tests/test_cir_peer_replay_m8.rs
index 7c5979b..866fb13 100644
--- a/tests/test_cir_peer_replay_m8.rs
+++ b/tests/test_cir_peer_replay_m8.rs
@@ -133,7 +133,10 @@ fn cir_routinator_script_matches_reference_on_ta_only_cir() {
         PathBuf::from(env!("CARGO_MANIFEST_DIR")).join("scripts/cir/run_cir_replay_routinator.sh");
     let out = Command::new(script)
         .env("CIR_MATERIALIZE_BIN", env!("CARGO_BIN_EXE_cir_materialize"))
-        .env("CIR_EXTRACT_INPUTS_BIN", env!("CARGO_BIN_EXE_cir_extract_inputs"))
+        .env(
+            "CIR_EXTRACT_INPUTS_BIN",
+            env!("CARGO_BIN_EXE_cir_extract_inputs"),
+        )
         .env(
             "CCR_TO_COMPARE_VIEWS_BIN",
             env!("CARGO_BIN_EXE_ccr_to_compare_views"),
@@ -189,7 +192,10 @@ fn cir_rpki_client_script_matches_reference_on_ta_only_cir() {
         PathBuf::from(env!("CARGO_MANIFEST_DIR")).join("scripts/cir/run_cir_replay_rpki_client.sh");
     let out = Command::new(script)
         .env("CIR_MATERIALIZE_BIN", env!("CARGO_BIN_EXE_cir_materialize"))
-        .env("CIR_EXTRACT_INPUTS_BIN", env!("CARGO_BIN_EXE_cir_extract_inputs"))
+        .env(
+            "CIR_EXTRACT_INPUTS_BIN",
+            env!("CARGO_BIN_EXE_cir_extract_inputs"),
+        )
         .env(
             "CCR_TO_COMPARE_VIEWS_BIN",
             env!("CARGO_BIN_EXE_ccr_to_compare_views"),
diff --git a/tests/test_cir_sequence_peer_replay_m4.rs b/tests/test_cir_sequence_peer_replay_m4.rs
index 840d72a..8fe0486 100644
--- a/tests/test_cir_sequence_peer_replay_m4.rs
+++ b/tests/test_cir_sequence_peer_replay_m4.rs
@@ -182,7 +182,10 @@ fn peer_sequence_replay_scripts_replay_all_steps() {
         .join("scripts/cir/run_cir_replay_sequence_routinator.sh");
     let out = Command::new(routinator_script)
         .env("CIR_MATERIALIZE_BIN", env!("CARGO_BIN_EXE_cir_materialize"))
-        .env("CIR_EXTRACT_INPUTS_BIN", env!("CARGO_BIN_EXE_cir_extract_inputs"))
+        .env(
+            "CIR_EXTRACT_INPUTS_BIN",
+            env!("CARGO_BIN_EXE_cir_extract_inputs"),
+        )
         .env(
             "CCR_TO_COMPARE_VIEWS_BIN",
             env!("CARGO_BIN_EXE_ccr_to_compare_views"),
@@ -206,7 +209,10 @@ fn peer_sequence_replay_scripts_replay_all_steps() {
         .join("scripts/cir/run_cir_replay_sequence_rpki_client.sh");
     let out = Command::new(rpki_client_script)
         .env("CIR_MATERIALIZE_BIN", env!("CARGO_BIN_EXE_cir_materialize"))
-        .env("CIR_EXTRACT_INPUTS_BIN", env!("CARGO_BIN_EXE_cir_extract_inputs"))
+        .env(
+            "CIR_EXTRACT_INPUTS_BIN",
+            env!("CARGO_BIN_EXE_cir_extract_inputs"),
+        )
         .env(
             "CCR_TO_COMPARE_VIEWS_BIN",
             env!("CARGO_BIN_EXE_ccr_to_compare_views"),
diff --git a/tests/test_cir_sequence_replay_m3.rs b/tests/test_cir_sequence_replay_m3.rs
index 2acc7b5..62937bb 100644
--- a/tests/test_cir_sequence_replay_m3.rs
+++ b/tests/test_cir_sequence_replay_m3.rs
@@ -174,7 +174,10 @@ fn ours_sequence_replay_script_replays_all_steps() {
         .join("scripts/cir/run_cir_replay_sequence_ours.sh");
     let out = Command::new(script)
         .env("CIR_MATERIALIZE_BIN", env!("CARGO_BIN_EXE_cir_materialize"))
-        .env("CIR_EXTRACT_INPUTS_BIN", env!("CARGO_BIN_EXE_cir_extract_inputs"))
+        .env(
+            "CIR_EXTRACT_INPUTS_BIN",
+            env!("CARGO_BIN_EXE_cir_extract_inputs"),
+        )
         .env(
             "CCR_TO_COMPARE_VIEWS_BIN",
             env!("CARGO_BIN_EXE_ccr_to_compare_views"),
diff --git a/tests/test_multi_rir_case_info.rs b/tests/test_multi_rir_case_info.rs
index 9d846b1..bc70919 100644
--- a/tests/test_multi_rir_case_info.rs
+++ b/tests/test_multi_rir_case_info.rs
@@ -20,7 +20,10 @@ fn wrapper_script() -> std::path::PathBuf {
 fn multi_rir_case_info_resolves_all_five_rirs_and_timings() {
     let bundle_root = multi_rir_bundle_root();
     if !bundle_root.is_dir() {
-        eprintln!("skipping multi-rir case info test; bundle root missing: {}", bundle_root.display());
+        eprintln!(
+            "skipping multi-rir case info test; bundle root missing: {}",
+            bundle_root.display()
+        );
         return;
     }
 
diff --git a/tests/test_signed_object_decode.rs b/tests/test_signed_object_decode.rs
index bce67b5..c315ecd 100644
--- a/tests/test_signed_object_decode.rs
+++ b/tests/test_signed_object_decode.rs
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 use rpki::data_model::oid::{OID_CT_RPKI_MANIFEST, OID_SHA256, OID_SIGNED_DATA};
-use rpki::data_model::signed_object::RpkiSignedObject;
+use rpki::data_model::signed_object::{EeKeyUsageSummary, RpkiSignedObject};
 
 #[test]
 fn decode_manifest_signed_object_smoke() {
@@ -32,6 +32,20 @@ fn decode_manifest_signed_object_smoke() {
             .iter()
             .any(|u| u.starts_with("rsync://"))
     );
+    assert!(
+        !so.signed_data.certificates[0]
+            .tbs_certificate_der
+            .is_empty(),
+        "expected cached tbsCertificate DER"
+    );
+    assert!(
+        !so.signed_data.certificates[0].signature_bytes.is_empty(),
+        "expected cached EE signature bytes"
+    );
+    assert_eq!(
+        so.signed_data.certificates[0].key_usage_summary,
+        EeKeyUsageSummary::DigitalSignatureOnly
+    );
     assert_eq!(so.signed_data.signer_infos.len(), 1);
     println!("{so:#?}")
 }