add and update samples for CUDA 11.6

This commit is contained in:
Rutwik Choughule
2022-01-13 11:35:24 +05:30
parent 11de19f00c
commit 2e41896e1b
4615 changed files with 178150 additions and 181350 deletions

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{
"configurations": [
{
"name": "Linux",
"includePath": [
"${workspaceFolder}/**",
"${workspaceFolder}/../../../Common"
],
"defines": [],
"compilerPath": "/usr/local/cuda/bin/nvcc",
"cStandard": "gnu17",
"cppStandard": "gnu++14",
"intelliSenseMode": "linux-gcc-x64",
"configurationProvider": "ms-vscode.makefile-tools"
}
],
"version": 4
}

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{
"recommendations": [
"nvidia.nsight-vscode-edition",
"ms-vscode.cpptools",
"ms-vscode.makefile-tools"
]
}

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{
"configurations": [
{
"name": "CUDA C++: Launch",
"type": "cuda-gdb",
"request": "launch",
"program": "${workspaceFolder}/Mandelbrot"
}
]
}

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{
"version": "2.0.0",
"tasks": [
{
"label": "sample",
"type": "shell",
"command": "make dbg=1",
"problemMatcher": ["$nvcc"],
"group": {
"kind": "build",
"isDefault": true
}
}
]
}

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################################################################################
# Copyright (c) 2022, NVIDIA CORPORATION. All rights reserved.
#
# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
# are met:
# * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
# * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
# documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
# * Neither the name of NVIDIA CORPORATION nor the names of its
# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived
# from this software without specific prior written permission.
#
# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS ``AS IS'' AND ANY
# EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
# IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
# PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR
# CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL,
# EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
# PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR
# PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY
# OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
#
################################################################################
#
# Makefile project only supported on Mac OS X and Linux Platforms)
#
################################################################################
# Location of the CUDA Toolkit
CUDA_PATH ?= /usr/local/cuda
##############################
# start deprecated interface #
##############################
ifeq ($(x86_64),1)
$(info WARNING - x86_64 variable has been deprecated)
$(info WARNING - please use TARGET_ARCH=x86_64 instead)
TARGET_ARCH ?= x86_64
endif
ifeq ($(ARMv7),1)
$(info WARNING - ARMv7 variable has been deprecated)
$(info WARNING - please use TARGET_ARCH=armv7l instead)
TARGET_ARCH ?= armv7l
endif
ifeq ($(aarch64),1)
$(info WARNING - aarch64 variable has been deprecated)
$(info WARNING - please use TARGET_ARCH=aarch64 instead)
TARGET_ARCH ?= aarch64
endif
ifeq ($(ppc64le),1)
$(info WARNING - ppc64le variable has been deprecated)
$(info WARNING - please use TARGET_ARCH=ppc64le instead)
TARGET_ARCH ?= ppc64le
endif
ifneq ($(GCC),)
$(info WARNING - GCC variable has been deprecated)
$(info WARNING - please use HOST_COMPILER=$(GCC) instead)
HOST_COMPILER ?= $(GCC)
endif
ifneq ($(abi),)
$(error ERROR - abi variable has been removed)
endif
############################
# end deprecated interface #
############################
# architecture
HOST_ARCH := $(shell uname -m)
TARGET_ARCH ?= $(HOST_ARCH)
ifneq (,$(filter $(TARGET_ARCH),x86_64 aarch64 sbsa ppc64le armv7l))
ifneq ($(TARGET_ARCH),$(HOST_ARCH))
ifneq (,$(filter $(TARGET_ARCH),x86_64 aarch64 sbsa ppc64le))
TARGET_SIZE := 64
else ifneq (,$(filter $(TARGET_ARCH),armv7l))
TARGET_SIZE := 32
endif
else
TARGET_SIZE := $(shell getconf LONG_BIT)
endif
else
$(error ERROR - unsupported value $(TARGET_ARCH) for TARGET_ARCH!)
endif
# sbsa and aarch64 systems look similar. Need to differentiate them at host level for now.
ifeq ($(HOST_ARCH),aarch64)
ifeq ($(CUDA_PATH)/targets/sbsa-linux,$(shell ls -1d $(CUDA_PATH)/targets/sbsa-linux 2>/dev/null))
HOST_ARCH := sbsa
TARGET_ARCH := sbsa
endif
endif
ifneq ($(TARGET_ARCH),$(HOST_ARCH))
ifeq (,$(filter $(HOST_ARCH)-$(TARGET_ARCH),aarch64-armv7l x86_64-armv7l x86_64-aarch64 x86_64-sbsa x86_64-ppc64le))
$(error ERROR - cross compiling from $(HOST_ARCH) to $(TARGET_ARCH) is not supported!)
endif
endif
# When on native aarch64 system with userspace of 32-bit, change TARGET_ARCH to armv7l
ifeq ($(HOST_ARCH)-$(TARGET_ARCH)-$(TARGET_SIZE),aarch64-aarch64-32)
TARGET_ARCH = armv7l
endif
# operating system
HOST_OS := $(shell uname -s 2>/dev/null | tr "[:upper:]" "[:lower:]")
TARGET_OS ?= $(HOST_OS)
ifeq (,$(filter $(TARGET_OS),linux darwin qnx android))
$(error ERROR - unsupported value $(TARGET_OS) for TARGET_OS!)
endif
# host compiler
ifeq ($(TARGET_OS),darwin)
ifeq ($(shell expr `xcodebuild -version | grep -i xcode | awk '{print $$2}' | cut -d'.' -f1` \>= 5),1)
HOST_COMPILER ?= clang++
endif
else ifneq ($(TARGET_ARCH),$(HOST_ARCH))
ifeq ($(HOST_ARCH)-$(TARGET_ARCH),x86_64-armv7l)
ifeq ($(TARGET_OS),linux)
HOST_COMPILER ?= arm-linux-gnueabihf-g++
else ifeq ($(TARGET_OS),qnx)
ifeq ($(QNX_HOST),)
$(error ERROR - QNX_HOST must be passed to the QNX host toolchain)
endif
ifeq ($(QNX_TARGET),)
$(error ERROR - QNX_TARGET must be passed to the QNX target toolchain)
endif
export QNX_HOST
export QNX_TARGET
HOST_COMPILER ?= $(QNX_HOST)/usr/bin/arm-unknown-nto-qnx6.6.0eabi-g++
else ifeq ($(TARGET_OS),android)
HOST_COMPILER ?= arm-linux-androideabi-g++
endif
else ifeq ($(TARGET_ARCH),aarch64)
ifeq ($(TARGET_OS), linux)
HOST_COMPILER ?= aarch64-linux-gnu-g++
else ifeq ($(TARGET_OS),qnx)
ifeq ($(QNX_HOST),)
$(error ERROR - QNX_HOST must be passed to the QNX host toolchain)
endif
ifeq ($(QNX_TARGET),)
$(error ERROR - QNX_TARGET must be passed to the QNX target toolchain)
endif
export QNX_HOST
export QNX_TARGET
HOST_COMPILER ?= $(QNX_HOST)/usr/bin/q++
else ifeq ($(TARGET_OS), android)
HOST_COMPILER ?= aarch64-linux-android-clang++
endif
else ifeq ($(TARGET_ARCH),sbsa)
HOST_COMPILER ?= aarch64-linux-gnu-g++
else ifeq ($(TARGET_ARCH),ppc64le)
HOST_COMPILER ?= powerpc64le-linux-gnu-g++
endif
endif
HOST_COMPILER ?= g++
NVCC := $(CUDA_PATH)/bin/nvcc -ccbin $(HOST_COMPILER)
# internal flags
NVCCFLAGS := -m${TARGET_SIZE}
CCFLAGS :=
LDFLAGS :=
# build flags
ifeq ($(TARGET_OS),darwin)
LDFLAGS += -rpath $(CUDA_PATH)/lib
CCFLAGS += -arch $(HOST_ARCH)
else ifeq ($(HOST_ARCH)-$(TARGET_ARCH)-$(TARGET_OS),x86_64-armv7l-linux)
LDFLAGS += --dynamic-linker=/lib/ld-linux-armhf.so.3
CCFLAGS += -mfloat-abi=hard
else ifeq ($(TARGET_OS),android)
LDFLAGS += -pie
CCFLAGS += -fpie -fpic -fexceptions
endif
ifneq ($(TARGET_ARCH),$(HOST_ARCH))
ifeq ($(TARGET_ARCH)-$(TARGET_OS),armv7l-linux)
ifneq ($(TARGET_FS),)
GCCVERSIONLTEQ46 := $(shell expr `$(HOST_COMPILER) -dumpversion` \<= 4.6)
ifeq ($(GCCVERSIONLTEQ46),1)
CCFLAGS += --sysroot=$(TARGET_FS)
endif
LDFLAGS += --sysroot=$(TARGET_FS)
LDFLAGS += -rpath-link=$(TARGET_FS)/lib
LDFLAGS += -rpath-link=$(TARGET_FS)/usr/lib
LDFLAGS += -rpath-link=$(TARGET_FS)/usr/lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf
endif
endif
ifeq ($(TARGET_ARCH)-$(TARGET_OS),aarch64-linux)
ifneq ($(TARGET_FS),)
GCCVERSIONLTEQ46 := $(shell expr `$(HOST_COMPILER) -dumpversion` \<= 4.6)
ifeq ($(GCCVERSIONLTEQ46),1)
CCFLAGS += --sysroot=$(TARGET_FS)
endif
LDFLAGS += --sysroot=$(TARGET_FS)
LDFLAGS += -rpath-link=$(TARGET_FS)/lib -L$(TARGET_FS)/lib
LDFLAGS += -rpath-link=$(TARGET_FS)/lib/aarch64-linux-gnu -L$(TARGET_FS)/lib/aarch64-linux-gnu
LDFLAGS += -rpath-link=$(TARGET_FS)/usr/lib -L$(TARGET_FS)/usr/lib
LDFLAGS += -rpath-link=$(TARGET_FS)/usr/lib/aarch64-linux-gnu -L$(TARGET_FS)/usr/lib/aarch64-linux-gnu
LDFLAGS += --unresolved-symbols=ignore-in-shared-libs
CCFLAGS += -isystem=$(TARGET_FS)/usr/include -I$(TARGET_FS)/usr/include -I$(TARGET_FS)/usr/include/libdrm
CCFLAGS += -isystem=$(TARGET_FS)/usr/include/aarch64-linux-gnu -I$(TARGET_FS)/usr/include/aarch64-linux-gnu
endif
endif
ifeq ($(TARGET_ARCH)-$(TARGET_OS),aarch64-qnx)
NVCCFLAGS += -D_QNX_SOURCE
NVCCFLAGS += --qpp-config 8.3.0,gcc_ntoaarch64le
CCFLAGS += -DWIN_INTERFACE_CUSTOM -I/usr/include/aarch64-qnx-gnu
LDFLAGS += -lsocket
LDFLAGS += -L/usr/lib/aarch64-qnx-gnu
CCFLAGS += "-Wl\,-rpath-link\,/usr/lib/aarch64-qnx-gnu"
ifdef TARGET_OVERRIDE
LDFLAGS += -lslog2
endif
ifneq ($(TARGET_FS),)
LDFLAGS += -L$(TARGET_FS)/usr/lib
CCFLAGS += "-Wl\,-rpath-link\,$(TARGET_FS)/usr/lib"
LDFLAGS += -L$(TARGET_FS)/usr/libnvidia
CCFLAGS += "-Wl\,-rpath-link\,$(TARGET_FS)/usr/libnvidia"
CCFLAGS += -I$(TARGET_FS)/../include
endif
endif
endif
ifdef TARGET_OVERRIDE # cuda toolkit targets override
NVCCFLAGS += -target-dir $(TARGET_OVERRIDE)
endif
# Install directory of different arch
CUDA_INSTALL_TARGET_DIR :=
ifeq ($(TARGET_ARCH)-$(TARGET_OS),armv7l-linux)
CUDA_INSTALL_TARGET_DIR = targets/armv7-linux-gnueabihf/
else ifeq ($(TARGET_ARCH)-$(TARGET_OS),aarch64-linux)
CUDA_INSTALL_TARGET_DIR = targets/aarch64-linux/
else ifeq ($(TARGET_ARCH)-$(TARGET_OS),sbsa-linux)
CUDA_INSTALL_TARGET_DIR = targets/sbsa-linux/
else ifeq ($(TARGET_ARCH)-$(TARGET_OS),armv7l-android)
CUDA_INSTALL_TARGET_DIR = targets/armv7-linux-androideabi/
else ifeq ($(TARGET_ARCH)-$(TARGET_OS),aarch64-android)
CUDA_INSTALL_TARGET_DIR = targets/aarch64-linux-androideabi/
else ifeq ($(TARGET_ARCH)-$(TARGET_OS),armv7l-qnx)
CUDA_INSTALL_TARGET_DIR = targets/ARMv7-linux-QNX/
else ifeq ($(TARGET_ARCH)-$(TARGET_OS),aarch64-qnx)
CUDA_INSTALL_TARGET_DIR = targets/aarch64-qnx/
else ifeq ($(TARGET_ARCH),ppc64le)
CUDA_INSTALL_TARGET_DIR = targets/ppc64le-linux/
endif
# Debug build flags
ifeq ($(dbg),1)
NVCCFLAGS += -g -G
BUILD_TYPE := debug
else
BUILD_TYPE := release
endif
ALL_CCFLAGS :=
ALL_CCFLAGS += $(NVCCFLAGS)
ALL_CCFLAGS += $(EXTRA_NVCCFLAGS)
ALL_CCFLAGS += $(addprefix -Xcompiler ,$(CCFLAGS))
ALL_CCFLAGS += $(addprefix -Xcompiler ,$(EXTRA_CCFLAGS))
SAMPLE_ENABLED := 1
# This sample is not supported on QNX
ifeq ($(TARGET_OS),qnx)
$(info >>> WARNING - Mandelbrot is not supported on QNX - waiving sample <<<)
SAMPLE_ENABLED := 0
endif
ALL_LDFLAGS :=
ALL_LDFLAGS += $(ALL_CCFLAGS)
ALL_LDFLAGS += $(addprefix -Xlinker ,$(LDFLAGS))
ALL_LDFLAGS += $(addprefix -Xlinker ,$(EXTRA_LDFLAGS))
# Common includes and paths for CUDA
INCLUDES := -I../../../Common
LIBRARIES :=
################################################################################
# Makefile include to help find GL Libraries
include ./findgllib.mk
# OpenGL specific libraries
ifeq ($(TARGET_OS),darwin)
# Mac OSX specific libraries and paths to include
LIBRARIES += -L/System/Library/Frameworks/OpenGL.framework/Libraries
LIBRARIES += -lGL -lGLU
ALL_LDFLAGS += -Xlinker -framework -Xlinker GLUT
else
LIBRARIES += $(GLLINK)
LIBRARIES += -lGL -lGLU -lglut
endif
# Gencode arguments
ifeq ($(TARGET_ARCH),$(filter $(TARGET_ARCH),armv7l aarch64 sbsa))
SMS ?= 53 61 70 72 75 80 86 87
else
SMS ?= 35 37 50 52 60 61 70 75 80 86
endif
ifeq ($(SMS),)
$(info >>> WARNING - no SM architectures have been specified - waiving sample <<<)
SAMPLE_ENABLED := 0
endif
ifeq ($(GENCODE_FLAGS),)
# Generate SASS code for each SM architecture listed in $(SMS)
$(foreach sm,$(SMS),$(eval GENCODE_FLAGS += -gencode arch=compute_$(sm),code=sm_$(sm)))
# Generate PTX code from the highest SM architecture in $(SMS) to guarantee forward-compatibility
HIGHEST_SM := $(lastword $(sort $(SMS)))
ifneq ($(HIGHEST_SM),)
GENCODE_FLAGS += -gencode arch=compute_$(HIGHEST_SM),code=compute_$(HIGHEST_SM)
endif
endif
ALL_CCFLAGS += --threads 0 --std=c++11
ifeq ($(SAMPLE_ENABLED),0)
EXEC ?= @echo "[@]"
endif
################################################################################
# Target rules
all: build
build: Mandelbrot
check.deps:
ifeq ($(SAMPLE_ENABLED),0)
@echo "Sample will be waived due to the above missing dependencies"
else
@echo "Sample is ready - all dependencies have been met"
endif
Mandelbrot.o:Mandelbrot.cpp
$(EXEC) $(NVCC) $(INCLUDES) $(ALL_CCFLAGS) $(GENCODE_FLAGS) -o $@ -c $<
Mandelbrot_cuda.o:Mandelbrot_cuda.cu
$(EXEC) $(NVCC) $(INCLUDES) $(ALL_CCFLAGS) $(GENCODE_FLAGS) -o $@ -c $<
Mandelbrot_gold.o:Mandelbrot_gold.cpp
$(EXEC) $(NVCC) $(INCLUDES) $(ALL_CCFLAGS) $(GENCODE_FLAGS) -o $@ -c $<
Mandelbrot: Mandelbrot.o Mandelbrot_cuda.o Mandelbrot_gold.o
$(EXEC) $(NVCC) $(ALL_LDFLAGS) $(GENCODE_FLAGS) -o $@ $+ $(LIBRARIES)
$(EXEC) mkdir -p ../../../bin/$(TARGET_ARCH)/$(TARGET_OS)/$(BUILD_TYPE)
$(EXEC) cp $@ ../../../bin/$(TARGET_ARCH)/$(TARGET_OS)/$(BUILD_TYPE)
run: build
$(EXEC) ./Mandelbrot
testrun: build
$(EXEC) ./Mandelbrot -mode=0 -file=Mandelbrot_fp32.ppm
$(EXEC) ./Mandelbrot -mode=1 -file=referenceJulia_fp32.ppm
clean:
rm -f Mandelbrot Mandelbrot.o Mandelbrot_cuda.o Mandelbrot_gold.o
rm -rf ../../../bin/$(TARGET_ARCH)/$(TARGET_OS)/$(BUILD_TYPE)/Mandelbrot
clobber: clean

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/* Copyright (c) 2022, NVIDIA CORPORATION. All rights reserved.
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
* are met:
* * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
* documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
* * Neither the name of NVIDIA CORPORATION nor the names of its
* contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived
* from this software without specific prior written permission.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS ``AS IS'' AND ANY
* EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
* IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
* PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR
* CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL,
* EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
* PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR
* PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY
* OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
* (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
* OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*/
#include <stdio.h>
#include "helper_cuda.h"
#include "Mandelbrot_kernel.h"
#include "Mandelbrot_kernel.cuh"
// The Mandelbrot CUDA GPU thread function
template <class T>
__global__ void Mandelbrot0(uchar4 *dst, const int imageW, const int imageH,
const int crunch, const T xOff, const T yOff,
const T xJP, const T yJP, const T scale,
const uchar4 colors, const int frame,
const int animationFrame, const int gridWidth,
const int numBlocks, const bool isJ) {
// loop until all blocks completed
for (unsigned int blockIndex = blockIdx.x; blockIndex < numBlocks;
blockIndex += gridDim.x) {
unsigned int blockX = blockIndex % gridWidth;
unsigned int blockY = blockIndex / gridWidth;
// process this block
const int ix = blockDim.x * blockX + threadIdx.x;
const int iy = blockDim.y * blockY + threadIdx.y;
if ((ix < imageW) && (iy < imageH)) {
// Calculate the location
const T xPos = (T)ix * scale + xOff;
const T yPos = (T)iy * scale + yOff;
// Calculate the Mandelbrot index for the current location
int m = CalcMandelbrot<T>(xPos, yPos, xJP, yJP, crunch, isJ);
// int m = blockIdx.x; // uncomment to see scheduling
// order
m = m > 0 ? crunch - m : 0;
// Convert the Mandelbrot index into a color
uchar4 color;
if (m) {
m += animationFrame;
color.x = m * colors.x;
color.y = m * colors.y;
color.z = m * colors.z;
} else {
color.x = 0;
color.y = 0;
color.z = 0;
}
// Output the pixel
int pixel = imageW * iy + ix;
if (frame == 0) {
color.w = 0;
dst[pixel] = color;
} else {
int frame1 = frame + 1;
int frame2 = frame1 / 2;
dst[pixel].x = (dst[pixel].x * frame + color.x + frame2) / frame1;
dst[pixel].y = (dst[pixel].y * frame + color.y + frame2) / frame1;
dst[pixel].z = (dst[pixel].z * frame + color.z + frame2) / frame1;
}
}
}
} // Mandelbrot0
// The Mandelbrot CUDA GPU thread function (double single version)
__global__ void MandelbrotDS0(uchar4 *dst, const int imageW, const int imageH,
const int crunch, const float xOff0,
const float xOff1, const float yOff0,
const float yOff1, const float xJP,
const float yJP, const float scale,
const uchar4 colors, const int frame,
const int animationFrame, const int gridWidth,
const int numBlocks, const bool isJ) {
// loop until all blocks completed
for (unsigned int blockIndex = blockIdx.x; blockIndex < numBlocks;
blockIndex += gridDim.x) {
unsigned int blockX = blockIndex % gridWidth;
unsigned int blockY = blockIndex / gridWidth;
// process this block
const int ix = blockDim.x * blockX + threadIdx.x;
const int iy = blockDim.y * blockY + threadIdx.y;
if ((ix < imageW) && (iy < imageH)) {
// Calculate the location
float xPos0 = (float)ix * scale;
float xPos1 = 0.0f;
float yPos0 = (float)iy * scale;
float yPos1 = 0.0f;
dsadd(xPos0, xPos1, xPos0, xPos1, xOff0, xOff1);
dsadd(yPos0, yPos1, yPos0, yPos1, yOff0, yOff1);
// Calculate the Mandelbrot index for the current location
int m =
CalcMandelbrotDS(xPos0, xPos1, yPos0, yPos1, xJP, yJP, crunch, isJ);
m = m > 0 ? crunch - m : 0;
// Convert the Mandelbrot index into a color
uchar4 color;
if (m) {
m += animationFrame;
color.x = m * colors.x;
color.y = m * colors.y;
color.z = m * colors.z;
} else {
color.x = 0;
color.y = 0;
color.z = 0;
}
// Output the pixel
int pixel = imageW * iy + ix;
if (frame == 0) {
color.w = 0;
dst[pixel] = color;
} else {
int frame1 = frame + 1;
int frame2 = frame1 / 2;
dst[pixel].x = (dst[pixel].x * frame + color.x + frame2) / frame1;
dst[pixel].y = (dst[pixel].y * frame + color.y + frame2) / frame1;
dst[pixel].z = (dst[pixel].z * frame + color.z + frame2) / frame1;
}
}
}
} // MandelbrotDS0
// The Mandelbrot secondary AA pass CUDA GPU thread function
template <class T>
__global__ void Mandelbrot1(uchar4 *dst, const int imageW, const int imageH,
const int crunch, const T xOff, const T yOff,
const T xJP, const T yJP, const T scale,
const uchar4 colors, const int frame,
const int animationFrame, const int gridWidth,
const int numBlocks, const bool isJ) {
// loop until all blocks completed
for (unsigned int blockIndex = blockIdx.x; blockIndex < numBlocks;
blockIndex += gridDim.x) {
unsigned int blockX = blockIndex % gridWidth;
unsigned int blockY = blockIndex / gridWidth;
// process this block
const int ix = blockDim.x * blockX + threadIdx.x;
const int iy = blockDim.y * blockY + threadIdx.y;
if ((ix < imageW) && (iy < imageH)) {
// Get the current pixel color
int pixel = imageW * iy + ix;
uchar4 pixelColor = dst[pixel];
int count = 0;
// Search for pixels out of tolerance surrounding the current pixel
if (ix > 0) {
count += CheckColors(pixelColor, dst[pixel - 1]);
}
if (ix + 1 < imageW) {
count += CheckColors(pixelColor, dst[pixel + 1]);
}
if (iy > 0) {
count += CheckColors(pixelColor, dst[pixel - imageW]);
}
if (iy + 1 < imageH) {
count += CheckColors(pixelColor, dst[pixel + imageW]);
}
if (count) {
// Calculate the location
const T xPos = (T)ix * scale + xOff;
const T yPos = (T)iy * scale + yOff;
// Calculate the Mandelbrot index for the current location
int m = CalcMandelbrot(xPos, yPos, xJP, yJP, crunch, isJ);
m = m > 0 ? crunch - m : 0;
// Convert the Mandelbrot index into a color
uchar4 color;
if (m) {
m += animationFrame;
color.x = m * colors.x;
color.y = m * colors.y;
color.z = m * colors.z;
} else {
color.x = 0;
color.y = 0;
color.z = 0;
}
// Output the pixel
int frame1 = frame + 1;
int frame2 = frame1 / 2;
dst[pixel].x = (pixelColor.x * frame + color.x + frame2) / frame1;
dst[pixel].y = (pixelColor.y * frame + color.y + frame2) / frame1;
dst[pixel].z = (pixelColor.z * frame + color.z + frame2) / frame1;
}
}
}
} // Mandelbrot1
// The Mandelbrot secondary AA pass CUDA GPU thread function (double single
// version)
__global__ void MandelbrotDS1(uchar4 *dst, const int imageW, const int imageH,
const int crunch, const float xOff0,
const float xOff1, const float yOff0,
const float yOff1, const float xJP,
const float yJP, const float scale,
const uchar4 colors, const int frame,
const int animationFrame, const int gridWidth,
const int numBlocks, const bool isJ) {
// loop until all blocks completed
for (unsigned int blockIndex = blockIdx.x; blockIndex < numBlocks;
blockIndex += gridDim.x) {
unsigned int blockX = blockIndex % gridWidth;
unsigned int blockY = blockIndex / gridWidth;
// process this block
const int ix = blockDim.x * blockX + threadIdx.x;
const int iy = blockDim.y * blockY + threadIdx.y;
if ((ix < imageW) && (iy < imageH)) {
// Get the current pixel color
int pixel = imageW * iy + ix;
uchar4 pixelColor = dst[pixel];
int count = 0;
// Search for pixels out of tolerance surrounding the current pixel
if (ix > 0) {
count += CheckColors(pixelColor, dst[pixel - 1]);
}
if (ix + 1 < imageW) {
count += CheckColors(pixelColor, dst[pixel + 1]);
}
if (iy > 0) {
count += CheckColors(pixelColor, dst[pixel - imageW]);
}
if (iy + 1 < imageH) {
count += CheckColors(pixelColor, dst[pixel + imageW]);
}
if (count) {
// Calculate the location
float xPos0 = (float)ix * scale;
float xPos1 = 0.0f;
float yPos0 = (float)iy * scale;
float yPos1 = 0.0f;
dsadd(xPos0, xPos1, xPos0, xPos1, xOff0, xOff1);
dsadd(yPos0, yPos1, yPos0, yPos1, yOff0, yOff1);
// Calculate the Mandelbrot index for the current location
int m =
CalcMandelbrotDS(xPos0, xPos1, yPos0, yPos1, xJP, yJP, crunch, isJ);
m = m > 0 ? crunch - m : 0;
// Convert the Mandelbrot index into a color
uchar4 color;
if (m) {
m += animationFrame;
color.x = m * colors.x;
color.y = m * colors.y;
color.z = m * colors.z;
} else {
color.x = 0;
color.y = 0;
color.z = 0;
}
// Output the pixel
int frame1 = frame + 1;
int frame2 = frame1 / 2;
dst[pixel].x = (pixelColor.x * frame + color.x + frame2) / frame1;
dst[pixel].y = (pixelColor.y * frame + color.y + frame2) / frame1;
dst[pixel].z = (pixelColor.z * frame + color.z + frame2) / frame1;
}
}
}
} // MandelbrotDS1
// The host CPU Mandelbrot thread spawner
void RunMandelbrot0(uchar4 *dst, const int imageW, const int imageH,
const int crunch, const double xOff, const double yOff,
const double xjp, const double yjp, const double scale,
const uchar4 colors, const int frame,
const int animationFrame, const int mode, const int numSMs,
const bool isJ, int version) {
dim3 threads(BLOCKDIM_X, BLOCKDIM_Y);
dim3 grid(iDivUp(imageW, BLOCKDIM_X), iDivUp(imageH, BLOCKDIM_Y));
int numWorkerBlocks = numSMs;
switch (mode) {
default:
case 0:
Mandelbrot0<float><<<numWorkerBlocks, threads>>>(
dst, imageW, imageH, crunch, (float)xOff, (float)yOff, (float)xjp,
(float)yjp, (float)scale, colors, frame, animationFrame, grid.x,
grid.x * grid.y, isJ);
break;
case 1:
float x0, x1, y0, y1;
dsdeq(x0, x1, xOff);
dsdeq(y0, y1, yOff);
MandelbrotDS0<<<numWorkerBlocks, threads>>>(
dst, imageW, imageH, crunch, x0, x1, y0, y1, (float)xjp, (float)yjp,
(float)scale, colors, frame, animationFrame, grid.x, grid.x * grid.y,
isJ);
break;
case 2:
Mandelbrot0<double><<<numWorkerBlocks, threads>>>(
dst, imageW, imageH, crunch, xOff, yOff, xjp, yjp, scale, colors,
frame, animationFrame, grid.x, grid.x * grid.y, isJ);
break;
}
getLastCudaError("Mandelbrot0 kernel execution failed.\n");
} // RunMandelbrot0
// The host CPU Mandelbrot thread spawner
void RunMandelbrot1(uchar4 *dst, const int imageW, const int imageH,
const int crunch, const double xOff, const double yOff,
const double xjp, const double yjp, const double scale,
const uchar4 colors, const int frame,
const int animationFrame, const int mode, const int numSMs,
const bool isJ, int version) {
dim3 threads(BLOCKDIM_X, BLOCKDIM_Y);
dim3 grid(iDivUp(imageW, BLOCKDIM_X), iDivUp(imageH, BLOCKDIM_Y));
int numWorkerBlocks = numSMs;
switch (mode) {
default:
case 0:
Mandelbrot1<float><<<numWorkerBlocks, threads>>>(
dst, imageW, imageH, crunch, (float)xOff, (float)yOff, (float)xjp,
(float)yjp, (float)scale, colors, frame, animationFrame, grid.x,
grid.x * grid.y, isJ);
break;
case 1:
float x0, x1, y0, y1;
dsdeq(x0, x1, xOff);
dsdeq(y0, y1, yOff);
MandelbrotDS1<<<numWorkerBlocks, threads>>>(
dst, imageW, imageH, crunch, x0, x1, y0, y1, (float)xjp, (float)yjp,
(float)scale, colors, frame, animationFrame, grid.x, grid.x * grid.y,
isJ);
break;
case 2:
Mandelbrot1<double><<<numWorkerBlocks, threads>>>(
dst, imageW, imageH, crunch, xOff, yOff, xjp, yjp, scale, colors,
frame, animationFrame, grid.x, grid.x * grid.y, isJ);
break;
}
getLastCudaError("Mandelbrot1 kernel execution failed.\n");
} // RunMandelbrot1

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/* Copyright (c) 2022, NVIDIA CORPORATION. All rights reserved.
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
* are met:
* * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
* documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
* * Neither the name of NVIDIA CORPORATION nor the names of its
* contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived
* from this software without specific prior written permission.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS ``AS IS'' AND ANY
* EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
* IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
* PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR
* CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL,
* EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
* PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR
* PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY
* OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
* (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
* OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*/
#include "Mandelbrot_gold.h"
#define ABS(n) ((n) < 0 ? -(n) : (n))
/* dfloat class declaration */
class dfloat {
private:
float val[2];
public:
dfloat() { val[0] = val[1] = 0; }
dfloat(float a, float b) {
val[0] = a;
val[1] = b;
}
dfloat(double b);
inline float operator[](unsigned idx) const { return val[idx]; }
};
inline dfloat operator+(const dfloat &dsa, const dfloat &dsb);
inline dfloat operator-(const dfloat &dsa, const dfloat &dsb);
inline dfloat operator*(const dfloat &dsa, const dfloat &dsb);
inline int operator<(const dfloat &a, float b) { return a[0] < b; }
// The core Mandelbrot calculation function template
template <class T>
inline int CalcMandelbrot(const T xPos, const T yPos, const T xJParam,
const T yJParam, const int crunch,
const bool isJulia) {
T x, y, xx, yy, xC, yC;
int i = crunch;
if (isJulia) {
xC = xJParam;
yC = yJParam;
y = yPos;
x = xPos;
yy = y * y;
xx = x * x;
} else {
xC = xPos;
yC = yPos;
x = y = 0;
xx = yy = 0;
}
while (--i && (xx + yy < 4.0f)) {
y = x * y + x * y + yC;
x = xx - yy + xC;
yy = y * y;
xx = x * x;
}
return i;
} // CalcMandelbrot
inline void updatePixel(uchar4 &dst, const uchar4 &color, int frame) {
int frame1 = frame + 1;
int frame2 = frame1 / 2;
dst.x = (dst.x * frame + color.x + frame2) / frame1;
dst.y = (dst.y * frame + color.y + frame2) / frame1;
dst.z = (dst.z * frame + color.z + frame2) / frame1;
}
inline void setColor(uchar4 &dst, const uchar4 &colors, int &m,
const int animationFrame) {
if (m == 0) {
dst.x = 0;
dst.y = 0;
dst.z = 0;
return;
}
m += animationFrame;
dst.x = m * colors.x;
dst.y = m * colors.y;
dst.z = m * colors.z;
}
template <class T, class T_>
void runMandelbrotGold0(uchar4 *dst, const int imageW, const int imageH,
const int crunch, const T xOff, const T yOff,
const T xJParam, const T yJParam, const T scale,
const uchar4 colors, const int frame,
const int animationFrame, const bool isJulia) {
for (int iy = 0; iy < imageH; iy++)
for (int ix = 0; ix < imageW; ix++) {
// Calculate the location
const T_ xPos = (T)ix * scale + xOff;
const T_ yPos = (T)iy * scale + yOff;
// Calculate the Mandelbrot index for the current location
int m = CalcMandelbrot<T_>(xPos, yPos, xJParam, yJParam, crunch, isJulia);
m = m > 0 ? crunch - m : 0;
// Convert the Mandelbrot index into a color
uchar4 color;
setColor(color, colors, m, animationFrame);
// Output the pixel
int pixel = imageW * iy + ix;
if (frame == 0) {
color.w = 0;
dst[pixel] = color;
} else
updatePixel(dst[pixel], color, frame);
}
} // runMandelbrotGold0_
// Determine if two pixel colors are within tolerance
inline int CheckColors(const uchar4 &color0, const uchar4 &color1) {
int x = color1.x - color0.x;
int y = color1.y - color0.y;
int z = color1.z - color0.z;
return (ABS(x) > 10) || (ABS(y) > 10) || (ABS(z) > 10);
} // CheckColors
template <class T, class T_>
void runMandelbrotGold1(uchar4 *dst, const int imageW, const int imageH,
const int crunch, const T xOff, const T yOff,
const T xJParam, const T yJParam, const T scale,
const uchar4 colors, const int frame,
const int animationFrame, const bool isJulia) {
for (int iy = 0; iy < imageH; iy++)
for (int ix = 0; ix < imageW; ix++) {
// Get the current pixel color
int pixel = imageW * iy + ix;
uchar4 pixelColor = dst[pixel];
int count = 0;
// Search for pixels out of tolerance surrounding the current pixel
if (ix > 0) count += CheckColors(pixelColor, dst[pixel - 1]);
if (ix + 1 < imageW) count += CheckColors(pixelColor, dst[pixel + 1]);
if (iy > 0) count += CheckColors(pixelColor, dst[pixel - imageW]);
if (iy + 1 < imageH)
count += CheckColors(pixelColor, dst[pixel + imageW]);
if (count) {
// Calculate the location
const T_ xPos = (T)ix * scale + xOff;
const T_ yPos = (T)iy * scale + yOff;
// Calculate the Mandelbrot index for the current location
int m =
CalcMandelbrot<T_>(xPos, yPos, xJParam, yJParam, crunch, isJulia);
m = m > 0 ? crunch - m : 0;
// Convert the Mandelbrot index into a color
uchar4 color;
setColor(color, colors, m, animationFrame);
// Output the pixel
updatePixel(dst[pixel], color, frame);
}
}
} // RunMandelbrotGold1_
/* Implementation of exported functions */
void RunMandelbrotGold1(uchar4 *dst, const int imageW, const int imageH,
const int crunch, const float xOff, const float yOff,
const float xJParam, const float yJParam,
const float scale, const uchar4 colors, const int frame,
const int animationFrame, const bool isJulia) {
runMandelbrotGold1<float, float>(dst, imageW, imageH, crunch, xOff, yOff,
xJParam, yJParam, scale, colors, frame,
animationFrame, isJulia);
} // RunMandelbrotGold1
void RunMandelbrotDSGold1(uchar4 *dst, const int imageW, const int imageH,
const int crunch, const double xOff,
const double yOff, const double xJParam,
const double yJParam, const double scale,
const uchar4 colors, const int frame,
const int animationFrame, const bool isJulia) {
runMandelbrotGold1<double, dfloat>(dst, imageW, imageH, crunch, xOff, yOff,
xJParam, yJParam, scale, colors, frame,
animationFrame, isJulia);
} // RunMandelbrotDSGold1
void RunMandelbrotGold0(uchar4 *dst, const int imageW, const int imageH,
const int crunch, const float xOff, const float yOff,
const float xJParam, const float yJParam,
const float scale, const uchar4 colors, const int frame,
const int animationFrame, const bool isJulia) {
runMandelbrotGold0<float, float>(dst, imageW, imageH, crunch, xOff, yOff,
xJParam, yJParam, scale, colors, frame,
animationFrame, isJulia);
} // RunMandelbrotGold0
void RunMandelbrotDSGold0(uchar4 *dst, const int imageW, const int imageH,
const int crunch, const double xOff,
const double yOff, const double xJParam,
const double yJParam, const double scale,
const uchar4 colors, const int frame,
const int animationFrame, const bool isJulia) {
runMandelbrotGold0<double, dfloat>(dst, imageW, imageH, crunch, xOff, yOff,
xJParam, yJParam, scale, colors, frame,
animationFrame, isJulia);
} // RunMandelbrotDSGold0
/*dfloat operations implementation */
/* Construct a DS number equal to a double precision floating point number b*/
dfloat::dfloat(double b) {
val[0] = (float)b;
val[1] = (float)(b - val[0]);
}
inline dfloat operator+(const dfloat &dsa, const dfloat &dsb) {
// Compute dsa + dsb using Knuth's trick.
float t1 = dsa[0] + dsb[0];
float e = t1 - dsa[0];
float t2 = ((dsb[0] - e) + (dsa[0] - (t1 - e))) + dsa[1] + dsb[1];
// The result is t1 + t2, after normalization.
e = t1 + t2;
return dfloat(e, t2 - (e - t1));
}
inline dfloat operator-(const dfloat &dsa, const dfloat &dsb) {
// Compute dsa - dsb using Knuth's trick.
float t1 = dsa[0] - dsb[0];
float e = t1 - dsa[0];
float t2 = ((-dsb[0] - e) + (dsa[0] - (t1 - e))) + dsa[1] - dsb[1];
// The result is t1 + t2, after normalization.
e = t1 + t2;
return dfloat(e, t2 - (e - t1));
}
inline dfloat operator*(const dfloat &dsa, const dfloat &dsb) {
// This splits dsa(1) and dsb(1) into high-order and low-order words.
float c11 = dsa[0] * dsb[0];
float c21 = dsa[0] * dsb[0] - c11;
// Compute dsa[0] * dsb[1] + dsa[1] * dsb[0] (only high-order word is needed).
float c2 = dsa[0] * dsb[1] + dsa[1] * dsb[0];
// Compute (c11, c21) + c2 using Knuth's trick, also adding low-order product.
float t1 = c11 + c2;
float e = t1 - c11;
float t2 = ((c2 - e) + (c11 - (t1 - e))) + c21 + dsa[1] * dsb[1];
// The result is t1 + t2, after normalization.
e = t1 + t2;
return dfloat(e, t2 - (e - t1));
}

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/* Copyright (c) 2022, NVIDIA CORPORATION. All rights reserved.
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
* are met:
* * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
* documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
* * Neither the name of NVIDIA CORPORATION nor the names of its
* contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived
* from this software without specific prior written permission.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS ``AS IS'' AND ANY
* EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
* IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
* PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR
* CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL,
* EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
* PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR
* PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY
* OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
* (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
* OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*/
#ifndef _MANDELBROT_GOLD_h_
#define _MANDELBROT_GOLD_h_
#include <vector_types.h>
extern "C" void RunMandelbrotGold0(uchar4 *dst, const int imageW,
const int imageH, const int crunch,
const float xOff, const float yOff,
const float xJParam, const float yJParam,
const float scale, const uchar4 colors,
const int frame, const int animationFrame,
const bool isJulia);
extern "C" void RunMandelbrotDSGold0(uchar4 *dst, const int imageW,
const int imageH, const int crunch,
const double xOff, const double yOff,
const double xJParam, const double yJParam,
const double scale, const uchar4 colors,
const int frame, const int animationFrame,
const bool isJulia);
extern "C" void RunMandelbrotGold1(uchar4 *dst, const int imageW,
const int imageH, const int crunch,
const float xOff, const float yOff,
const float xJParam, const float yJParam,
const float scale, const uchar4 colors,
const int frame, const int animationFrame,
const bool isJulia);
extern "C" void RunMandelbrotDSGold1(uchar4 *dst, const int imageW,
const int imageH, const int crunch,
const double xOff, const double yOff,
const double xJParam, const double yJParam,
const double scale, const uchar4 colors,
const int frame, const int animationFrame,
const bool isJulia);
#endif

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/* Copyright (c) 2022, NVIDIA CORPORATION. All rights reserved.
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
* are met:
* * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
* documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
* * Neither the name of NVIDIA CORPORATION nor the names of its
* contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived
* from this software without specific prior written permission.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS ``AS IS'' AND ANY
* EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
* IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
* PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR
* CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL,
* EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
* PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR
* PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY
* OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
* (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
* OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*/
#include <stdio.h>
#include "helper_cuda.h"
#include "Mandelbrot_kernel.h"
// The dimensions of the thread block
#define BLOCKDIM_X 16
#define BLOCKDIM_Y 16
#define ABS(n) ((n) < 0 ? -(n) : (n))
// Double single functions based on DSFUN90 package:
// http://crd.lbl.gov/~dhbailey/mpdist/index.html
// This function sets the DS number A equal to the double precision floating
// point number B.
inline void dsdeq(float &a0, float &a1, double b) {
a0 = (float)b;
a1 = (float)(b - a0);
} // dsdcp
// This function sets the DS number A equal to the single precision floating
// point number B.
__device__ inline void dsfeq(float &a0, float &a1, float b) {
a0 = b;
a1 = 0.0f;
} // dsfeq
// This function computes c = a + b.
__device__ inline void dsadd(float &c0, float &c1, const float a0,
const float a1, const float b0, const float b1) {
// Compute dsa + dsb using Knuth's trick.
float t1 = a0 + b0;
float e = t1 - a0;
float t2 = ((b0 - e) + (a0 - (t1 - e))) + a1 + b1;
// The result is t1 + t2, after normalization.
c0 = e = t1 + t2;
c1 = t2 - (e - t1);
} // dsadd
// This function computes c = a - b.
__device__ inline void dssub(float &c0, float &c1, const float a0,
const float a1, const float b0, const float b1) {
// Compute dsa - dsb using Knuth's trick.
float t1 = a0 - b0;
float e = t1 - a0;
float t2 = ((-b0 - e) + (a0 - (t1 - e))) + a1 - b1;
// The result is t1 + t2, after normalization.
c0 = e = t1 + t2;
c1 = t2 - (e - t1);
} // dssub
#if 1
// This function multiplies DS numbers A and B to yield the DS product C.
__device__ inline void dsmul(float &c0, float &c1, const float a0,
const float a1, const float b0, const float b1) {
// This splits dsa(1) and dsb(1) into high-order and low-order words.
float cona = a0 * 8193.0f;
float conb = b0 * 8193.0f;
float sa1 = cona - (cona - a0);
float sb1 = conb - (conb - b0);
float sa2 = a0 - sa1;
float sb2 = b0 - sb1;
// Multilply a0 * b0 using Dekker's method.
float c11 = a0 * b0;
float c21 = (((sa1 * sb1 - c11) + sa1 * sb2) + sa2 * sb1) + sa2 * sb2;
// Compute a0 * b1 + a1 * b0 (only high-order word is needed).
float c2 = a0 * b1 + a1 * b0;
// Compute (c11, c21) + c2 using Knuth's trick, also adding low-order product.
float t1 = c11 + c2;
float e = t1 - c11;
float t2 = ((c2 - e) + (c11 - (t1 - e))) + c21 + a1 * b1;
// The result is t1 + t2, after normalization.
c0 = e = t1 + t2;
c1 = t2 - (e - t1);
} // dsmul
#else
// Modified double-single mul function by Norbert Juffa, NVIDIA
// uses __fmul_rn() and __fadd_rn() intrinsics which prevent FMAD merging
/* Based on: Guillaume Da Gra<72>a, David Defour. Implementation of Float-Float
* Operators on Graphics Hardware. RNC'7 pp. 23-32, 2006.
*/
// This function multiplies DS numbers A and B to yield the DS product C.
__device__ inline void dsmul(float &c0, float &c1, const float a0,
const float a1, const float b0, const float b1) {
// This splits dsa(1) and dsb(1) into high-order and low-order words.
float cona = a0 * 8193.0f;
float conb = b0 * 8193.0f;
float sa1 = cona - (cona - a0);
float sb1 = conb - (conb - b0);
float sa2 = a0 - sa1;
float sb2 = b0 - sb1;
// Multilply a0 * b0 using Dekker's method.
float c11 = __fmul_rn(a0, b0);
float c21 = (((sa1 * sb1 - c11) + sa1 * sb2) + sa2 * sb1) + sa2 * sb2;
// Compute a0 * b1 + a1 * b0 (only high-order word is needed).
float c2 = __fmul_rn(a0, b1) + __fmul_rn(a1, b0);
// Compute (c11, c21) + c2 using Knuth's trick, also adding low-order product.
float t1 = c11 + c2;
float e = t1 - c11;
float t2 = ((c2 - e) + (c11 - (t1 - e))) + c21 + __fmul_rn(a1, b1);
// The result is t1 + t2, after normalization.
c0 = e = t1 + t2;
c1 = t2 - (e - t1);
} // dsmul
#endif
// The core Mandelbrot CUDA GPU calculation function
#if 1
// Unrolled version
template <class T>
__device__ inline int CalcMandelbrot(const T xPos, const T yPos,
const T xJParam, const T yJParam,
const int crunch, const bool isJulia) {
T x, y, xx, yy;
int i = crunch;
T xC, yC;
if (isJulia) {
xC = xJParam;
yC = yJParam;
y = yPos;
x = xPos;
yy = y * y;
xx = x * x;
} else {
xC = xPos;
yC = yPos;
y = 0;
x = 0;
yy = 0;
xx = 0;
}
do {
// Iteration 1
if (xx + yy > T(4.0)) return i - 1;
y = x * y * T(2.0) + yC;
x = xx - yy + xC;
yy = y * y;
xx = x * x;
// Iteration 2
if (xx + yy > T(4.0)) return i - 2;
y = x * y * T(2.0) + yC;
x = xx - yy + xC;
yy = y * y;
xx = x * x;
// Iteration 3
if (xx + yy > T(4.0)) return i - 3;
y = x * y * T(2.0) + yC;
x = xx - yy + xC;
yy = y * y;
xx = x * x;
// Iteration 4
if (xx + yy > T(4.0)) return i - 4;
y = x * y * T(2.0) + yC;
x = xx - yy + xC;
yy = y * y;
xx = x * x;
// Iteration 5
if (xx + yy > T(4.0)) return i - 5;
y = x * y * T(2.0) + yC;
x = xx - yy + xC;
yy = y * y;
xx = x * x;
// Iteration 6
if (xx + yy > T(4.0)) return i - 6;
y = x * y * T(2.0) + yC;
x = xx - yy + xC;
yy = y * y;
xx = x * x;
// Iteration 7
if (xx + yy > T(4.0)) return i - 7;
y = x * y * T(2.0) + yC;
x = xx - yy + xC;
yy = y * y;
xx = x * x;
// Iteration 8
if (xx + yy > T(4.0)) return i - 8;
y = x * y * T(2.0) + yC;
x = xx - yy + xC;
yy = y * y;
xx = x * x;
// Iteration 9
if (xx + yy > T(4.0)) return i - 9;
y = x * y * T(2.0) + yC;
x = xx - yy + xC;
yy = y * y;
xx = x * x;
// Iteration 10
if (xx + yy > T(4.0)) return i - 10;
y = x * y * T(2.0) + yC;
x = xx - yy + xC;
yy = y * y;
xx = x * x;
// Iteration 11
if (xx + yy > T(4.0)) return i - 11;
y = x * y * T(2.0) + yC;
x = xx - yy + xC;
yy = y * y;
xx = x * x;
// Iteration 12
if (xx + yy > T(4.0)) return i - 12;
y = x * y * T(2.0) + yC;
x = xx - yy + xC;
yy = y * y;
xx = x * x;
// Iteration 13
if (xx + yy > T(4.0)) return i - 13;
y = x * y * T(2.0) + yC;
x = xx - yy + xC;
yy = y * y;
xx = x * x;
// Iteration 14
if (xx + yy > T(4.0)) return i - 14;
y = x * y * T(2.0) + yC;
x = xx - yy + xC;
yy = y * y;
xx = x * x;
// Iteration 15
if (xx + yy > T(4.0)) return i - 15;
y = x * y * T(2.0) + yC;
x = xx - yy + xC;
yy = y * y;
xx = x * x;
// Iteration 16
if (xx + yy > T(4.0)) return i - 16;
y = x * y * T(2.0) + yC;
x = xx - yy + xC;
yy = y * y;
xx = x * x;
// Iteration 17
if (xx + yy > T(4.0)) return i - 17;
y = x * y * T(2.0) + yC;
x = xx - yy + xC;
yy = y * y;
xx = x * x;
// Iteration 18
if (xx + yy > T(4.0)) return i - 18;
y = x * y * T(2.0) + yC;
x = xx - yy + xC;
yy = y * y;
xx = x * x;
// Iteration 19
if (xx + yy > T(4.0)) return i - 19;
y = x * y * T(2.0) + yC;
x = xx - yy + xC;
yy = y * y;
xx = x * x;
// Iteration 20
i -= 20;
if ((i <= 0) || (xx + yy > T(4.0))) return i;
y = x * y * T(2.0) + yC;
x = xx - yy + xC;
yy = y * y;
xx = x * x;
} while (1);
} // CalcMandelbrot
#else
template <class T>
__device__ inline int CalcMandelbrot(const T xPos, const T yPos,
const T xJParam, const T yJParam,
const int crunch, const isJulia) {
T x, y, xx, yy, xC, yC;
if (isJulia) {
xC = xJParam;
yC = yJParam;
y = yPos;
x = xPos;
yy = y * y;
xx = x * x;
} else {
xC = xPos;
yC = yPos;
y = 0;
x = 0;
yy = 0;
xx = 0;
}
int i = crunch;
while (--i && (xx + yy < T(4.0))) {
y = x * y * T(2.0) + yC;
x = xx - yy + xC;
yy = y * y;
xx = x * x;
}
return i; // i > 0 ? crunch - i : 0;
} // CalcMandelbrot
#endif
// The core Mandelbrot calculation function in double-single precision
__device__ inline int CalcMandelbrotDS(const float xPos0, const float xPos1,
const float yPos0, const float yPos1,
const float xJParam, const float yJParam,
const int crunch, const bool isJulia) {
float xx0, xx1;
float yy0, yy1;
float sum0, sum1;
int i = crunch;
float x0, x1, y0, y1;
float xC0, xC1, yC0, yC1;
if (isJulia) {
xC0 = xJParam;
xC1 = 0;
yC0 = yJParam;
yC1 = 0;
y0 = yPos0; // y = yPos;
y1 = yPos1;
x0 = xPos0; // x = xPos;
x1 = xPos1;
dsmul(yy0, yy1, y0, y1, y0, y1); // yy = y * y;
dsmul(xx0, xx1, x0, x1, x0, x1); // xx = x * x;
} else {
xC0 = xPos0;
xC1 = xPos1;
yC0 = yPos0;
yC1 = yPos1;
y0 = 0; // y = 0 ;
y1 = 0;
x0 = 0; // x = 0 ;
x1 = 0;
yy0 = 0; // yy = 0 ;
yy1 = 0;
xx0 = 0; // xx = 0 ;
xx1 = 0;
}
dsadd(sum0, sum1, xx0, xx1, yy0, yy1); // sum = xx + yy;
while (--i && (sum0 + sum1 < 4.0f)) {
dsmul(y0, y1, x0, x1, y0, y1); // y = x * y * 2.0f + yC; // yC is yPos for
// Mandelbrot and it is yJParam for Julia
dsadd(y0, y1, y0, y1, y0, y1);
dsadd(y0, y1, y0, y1, yC0, yC1);
dssub(x0, x1, xx0, xx1, yy0, yy1); // x = xx - yy + xC; // xC is xPos for
// Mandelbrot and it is xJParam for
// Julia
dsadd(x0, x1, x0, x1, xC0, xC1);
dsmul(yy0, yy1, y0, y1, y0, y1); // yy = y * y;
dsmul(xx0, xx1, x0, x1, x0, x1); // xx = x * x;
dsadd(sum0, sum1, xx0, xx1, yy0, yy1); // sum = xx + yy;
}
return i;
} // CalcMandelbrotDS
// Determine if two pixel colors are within tolerance
__device__ inline int CheckColors(const uchar4 &color0, const uchar4 &color1) {
int x = color1.x - color0.x;
int y = color1.y - color0.y;
int z = color1.z - color0.z;
return (ABS(x) > 10) || (ABS(y) > 10) || (ABS(z) > 10);
} // CheckColors
// Increase the grid size by 1 if the image width or height does not divide
// evenly
// by the thread block dimensions
inline int iDivUp(int a, int b) {
return ((a % b) != 0) ? (a / b + 1) : (a / b);
} // iDivUp

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/* Copyright (c) 2022, NVIDIA CORPORATION. All rights reserved.
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
* are met:
* * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
* documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
* * Neither the name of NVIDIA CORPORATION nor the names of its
* contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived
* from this software without specific prior written permission.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS ``AS IS'' AND ANY
* EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
* IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
* PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR
* CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL,
* EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
* PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR
* PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY
* OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
* (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
* OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*/
#ifndef _MANDELBROT_KERNEL_h_
#define _MANDELBROT_KERNEL_h_
#include <vector_types.h>
extern "C" void RunMandelbrot0(uchar4 *dst, const int imageW, const int imageH,
const int crunch, const double xOff,
const double yOff, const double xjp,
const double yjp, const double scale,
const uchar4 colors, const int frame,
const int animationFrame, const int mode,
const int numSMs, const bool isJ,
int version = 13);
extern "C" void RunMandelbrot1(uchar4 *dst, const int imageW, const int imageH,
const int crunch, const double xOff,
const double yOff, const double xjp,
const double yjp, const double scale,
const uchar4 colors, const int frame,
const int animationFrame, const int mode,
const int numSMs, const bool isJ,
int version = 13);
#endif

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<AdditionalDependencies>cudart_static.lib;freeglut.lib;kernel32.lib;user32.lib;gdi32.lib;winspool.lib;comdlg32.lib;advapi32.lib;shell32.lib;ole32.lib;oleaut32.lib;uuid.lib;odbc32.lib;odbccp32.lib;%(AdditionalDependencies)</AdditionalDependencies>
<AdditionalLibraryDirectories>$(CudaToolkitLibDir);../../../Common/lib/$(PlatformName);</AdditionalLibraryDirectories>
<OutputFile>$(OutDir)/Mandelbrot.exe</OutputFile>
</Link>
<CudaCompile>
<CodeGeneration>compute_35,sm_35;compute_37,sm_37;compute_50,sm_50;compute_52,sm_52;compute_60,sm_60;compute_61,sm_61;compute_70,sm_70;compute_75,sm_75;compute_80,sm_80;compute_86,sm_86;</CodeGeneration>
<AdditionalOptions>-Xcompiler "/wd 4819" --threads 0 </AdditionalOptions>
<Include>./;../../../Common</Include>
<Defines>WIN32</Defines>
</CudaCompile>
</ItemDefinitionGroup>
<ItemDefinitionGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)'=='Debug'">
<ClCompile>
<Optimization>Disabled</Optimization>
<RuntimeLibrary>MultiThreadedDebug</RuntimeLibrary>
</ClCompile>
<Link>
<GenerateDebugInformation>true</GenerateDebugInformation>
<LinkTimeCodeGeneration>Default</LinkTimeCodeGeneration>
</Link>
<CudaCompile>
<Runtime>MTd</Runtime>
<TargetMachinePlatform>64</TargetMachinePlatform>
</CudaCompile>
</ItemDefinitionGroup>
<ItemDefinitionGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)'=='Release'">
<ClCompile>
<Optimization>MaxSpeed</Optimization>
<RuntimeLibrary>MultiThreaded</RuntimeLibrary>
</ClCompile>
<Link>
<GenerateDebugInformation>false</GenerateDebugInformation>
<LinkTimeCodeGeneration>UseLinkTimeCodeGeneration</LinkTimeCodeGeneration>
</Link>
<CudaCompile>
<Runtime>MT</Runtime>
<TargetMachinePlatform>64</TargetMachinePlatform>
</CudaCompile>
</ItemDefinitionGroup>
<ItemDefinitionGroup Condition="'$(Platform)'=='Win32'">
<Link>
</Link>
</ItemDefinitionGroup>
<ItemDefinitionGroup Condition="'$(Platform)'=='x64'">
<Link>
<AdditionalDependencies>glew64.lib;%(AdditionalDependencies)</AdditionalDependencies>
</Link>
</ItemDefinitionGroup>
<ItemGroup>
<ClCompile Include="Mandelbrot.cpp" />
<CudaCompile Include="Mandelbrot_cuda.cu" />
<ClCompile Include="Mandelbrot_gold.cpp" />
<ClInclude Include="Mandelbrot_gold.h" />
<ClInclude Include="Mandelbrot_kernel.h" />
<None Include="Mandelbrot_kernel.cuh" />
</ItemGroup>
<Import Project="$(VCTargetsPath)\Microsoft.Cpp.targets" />
<ImportGroup Label="ExtensionTargets">
<Import Project="$(CUDAPropsPath)\CUDA 11.6.targets" />
</ImportGroup>
</Project>

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE entry SYSTEM "SamplesInfo.dtd">
<entry>
<name>Mandelbrot</name>
<cuda_api_list>
<toolkit>cudaFree</toolkit>
<toolkit>cudaGraphicsMapResources</toolkit>
<toolkit>cudaGraphicsUnregisterResource</toolkit>
<toolkit>cudaGraphicsGLRegisterBuffer</toolkit>
<toolkit>cudaGLUnregisterBufferObject</toolkit>
<toolkit>cudaGraphicsResourceGetMappedPointer</toolkit>
<toolkit>cudaGLUnmapBufferObject</toolkit>
<toolkit>cudaDeviceSynchronize</toolkit>
<toolkit>cudaGLMapBufferObject</toolkit>
<toolkit>cudaMalloc</toolkit>
<toolkit>cudaGLRegisterBufferObject</toolkit>
<toolkit>cudaGraphicsUnmapResources</toolkit>
<toolkit>cudaMemcpy</toolkit>
<toolkit>cudaGetDeviceProperties</toolkit>
</cuda_api_list>
<description><![CDATA[This sample uses CUDA to compute and display the Mandelbrot or Julia sets interactively. It also illustrates the use of "double single" arithmetic to improve precision when zooming a long way into the pattern. This sample uses double precision. Thanks to Mark Granger of NewTek who submitted this code sample.!]]></description>
<devicecompilation>whole</devicecompilation>
<files>
<file>data\Mandelbrot_fp32.ppm</file>
<file>data\Mandelbrot_fp64.ppm</file>
<file>data\referenceJulia_fp32.ppm</file>
<file>data\referenceJulia_fp64.ppm</file>
</files>
<includepaths>
<path>./</path>
<path>../</path>
<path>../../../Common</path>
</includepaths>
<keyconcepts>
<concept level="advanced">Graphics Interop</concept>
<concept level="advanced">Data Parallel Algorithms</concept>
</keyconcepts>
<keywords>
<keyword>GPGPU</keyword>
<keyword>openGL</keyword>
</keywords>
<libraries>
<library>GLU</library>
<library>GL</library>
<library framework="true" os="macosx">GLUT</library>
<library os="linux">GLEW</library>
<library os="linux">glut</library>
<library os="linux">X11</library>
</libraries>
<librarypaths>
<path arch="x86_64" os="linux">../../../common/lib/linux/x86_64</path>
<path arch="armv7l" os="linux">../../../common/lib/linux/armv7l</path>
<path os="macosx">../../../common/lib/darwin</path>
</librarypaths>
<nsight_eclipse>true</nsight_eclipse>
<primary_file>Mandelbrot.cpp</primary_file>
<qatests>
<qatest>-mode=0 -file=Mandelbrot_fp32.ppm</qatest>
<qatest>-mode=1 -file=referenceJulia_fp32.ppm</qatest>
</qatests>
<required_dependencies>
<dependency>X11</dependency>
<dependency>GL</dependency>
</required_dependencies>
<scopes>
<scope>2:Graphics Interop</scope>
<scope>1:Data-Parallel Algorithms</scope>
</scopes>
<sm-arch>sm35</sm-arch>
<sm-arch>sm37</sm-arch>
<sm-arch>sm50</sm-arch>
<sm-arch>sm52</sm-arch>
<sm-arch>sm53</sm-arch>
<sm-arch>sm60</sm-arch>
<sm-arch>sm61</sm-arch>
<sm-arch>sm70</sm-arch>
<sm-arch>sm72</sm-arch>
<sm-arch>sm75</sm-arch>
<sm-arch>sm80</sm-arch>
<sm-arch>sm86</sm-arch>
<sm-arch>sm87</sm-arch>
<supported_envs>
<env>
<arch>x86_64</arch>
<platform>linux</platform>
</env>
<env>
<platform>windows7</platform>
</env>
<env>
<arch>x86_64</arch>
<platform>macosx</platform>
</env>
<env>
<arch>arm</arch>
</env>
<env>
<arch>sbsa</arch>
</env>
</supported_envs>
<supported_sm_architectures>
<include>all</include>
</supported_sm_architectures>
<title>Mandelbrot</title>
<type>exe</type>
</entry>

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# Mandelbrot - Mandelbrot
## Description
This sample uses CUDA to compute and display the Mandelbrot or Julia sets interactively. It also illustrates the use of "double single" arithmetic to improve precision when zooming a long way into the pattern. This sample uses double precision. Thanks to Mark Granger of NewTek who submitted this code sample.!
## Key Concepts
Graphics Interop, Data Parallel Algorithms
## Supported SM Architectures
[SM 3.5 ](https://developer.nvidia.com/cuda-gpus) [SM 3.7 ](https://developer.nvidia.com/cuda-gpus) [SM 5.0 ](https://developer.nvidia.com/cuda-gpus) [SM 5.2 ](https://developer.nvidia.com/cuda-gpus) [SM 5.3 ](https://developer.nvidia.com/cuda-gpus) [SM 6.0 ](https://developer.nvidia.com/cuda-gpus) [SM 6.1 ](https://developer.nvidia.com/cuda-gpus) [SM 7.0 ](https://developer.nvidia.com/cuda-gpus) [SM 7.2 ](https://developer.nvidia.com/cuda-gpus) [SM 7.5 ](https://developer.nvidia.com/cuda-gpus) [SM 8.0 ](https://developer.nvidia.com/cuda-gpus) [SM 8.6 ](https://developer.nvidia.com/cuda-gpus) [SM 8.7 ](https://developer.nvidia.com/cuda-gpus)
## Supported OSes
Linux, Windows
## Supported CPU Architecture
x86_64, armv7l
## CUDA APIs involved
### [CUDA Runtime API](http://docs.nvidia.com/cuda/cuda-runtime-api/index.html)
cudaFree, cudaGraphicsMapResources, cudaGraphicsUnregisterResource, cudaGraphicsGLRegisterBuffer, cudaGLUnregisterBufferObject, cudaGraphicsResourceGetMappedPointer, cudaGLUnmapBufferObject, cudaDeviceSynchronize, cudaGLMapBufferObject, cudaMalloc, cudaGLRegisterBufferObject, cudaGraphicsUnmapResources, cudaMemcpy, cudaGetDeviceProperties
## Dependencies needed to build/run
[X11](../../README.md#x11), [GL](../../README.md#gl)
## Prerequisites
Download and install the [CUDA Toolkit 11.6](https://developer.nvidia.com/cuda-downloads) for your corresponding platform.
Make sure the dependencies mentioned in [Dependencies]() section above are installed.
## Build and Run
### Windows
The Windows samples are built using the Visual Studio IDE. Solution files (.sln) are provided for each supported version of Visual Studio, using the format:
```
*_vs<version>.sln - for Visual Studio <version>
```
Each individual sample has its own set of solution files in its directory:
To build/examine all the samples at once, the complete solution files should be used. To build/examine a single sample, the individual sample solution files should be used.
> **Note:** Some samples require that the Microsoft DirectX SDK (June 2010 or newer) be installed and that the VC++ directory paths are properly set up (**Tools > Options...**). Check DirectX Dependencies section for details."
### Linux
The Linux samples are built using makefiles. To use the makefiles, change the current directory to the sample directory you wish to build, and run make:
```
$ cd <sample_dir>
$ make
```
The samples makefiles can take advantage of certain options:
* **TARGET_ARCH=<arch>** - cross-compile targeting a specific architecture. Allowed architectures are x86_64, armv7l.
By default, TARGET_ARCH is set to HOST_ARCH. On a x86_64 machine, not setting TARGET_ARCH is the equivalent of setting TARGET_ARCH=x86_64.<br/>
`$ make TARGET_ARCH=x86_64` <br/> `$ make TARGET_ARCH=armv7l` <br/>
See [here](http://docs.nvidia.com/cuda/cuda-samples/index.html#cross-samples) for more details.
* **dbg=1** - build with debug symbols
```
$ make dbg=1
```
* **SMS="A B ..."** - override the SM architectures for which the sample will be built, where `"A B ..."` is a space-delimited list of SM architectures. For example, to generate SASS for SM 50 and SM 60, use `SMS="50 60"`.
```
$ make SMS="50 60"
```
* **HOST_COMPILER=<host_compiler>** - override the default g++ host compiler. See the [Linux Installation Guide](http://docs.nvidia.com/cuda/cuda-installation-guide-linux/index.html#system-requirements) for a list of supported host compilers.
```
$ make HOST_COMPILER=g++
```
## References (for more details)

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################################################################################
# Copyright (c) 2022, NVIDIA CORPORATION. All rights reserved.
#
# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
# are met:
# * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
# * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
# documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
# * Neither the name of NVIDIA CORPORATION nor the names of its
# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived
# from this software without specific prior written permission.
#
# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS ``AS IS'' AND ANY
# EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
# IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
# PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR
# CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL,
# EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
# PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR
# PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY
# OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
#
################################################################################
#
# findgllib.mk is used to find the necessary GL Libraries for specific distributions
# this is supported on Mac OSX and Linux Platforms
#
################################################################################
# Determine OS platform and unix distribution
ifeq ("$(TARGET_OS)","linux")
# first search lsb_release
DISTRO := $(shell lsb_release -i -s 2>/dev/null | tr "[:upper:]" "[:lower:]")
ifeq ("$(DISTRO)","")
# second search and parse /etc/issue
DISTRO := $(shell awk '{print $$1}' /etc/issue | tr -d "[:space:]" | sed -e "/^$$/d" | tr "[:upper:]" "[:lower:]")
# ensure data from /etc/issue is valid
ifeq (,$(filter $(DISTRO),ubuntu fedora red rhel centos suse))
DISTRO :=
endif
ifeq ("$(DISTRO)","")
# third, we can search in /etc/os-release or /etc/{distro}-release
DISTRO := $(shell awk '/ID/' /etc/*-release | sed 's/ID=//' | grep -v "VERSION" | grep -v "ID" | grep -v "DISTRIB")
endif
endif
endif
ifeq ("$(TARGET_OS)","linux")
# $(info) >> findgllib.mk -> LINUX path <<<)
# Each set of Linux Distros have different paths for where to find their OpenGL libraries reside
UBUNTU = $(shell echo $(DISTRO) | grep -i ubuntu >/dev/null 2>&1; echo $$?)
FEDORA = $(shell echo $(DISTRO) | grep -i fedora >/dev/null 2>&1; echo $$?)
RHEL = $(shell echo $(DISTRO) | grep -i 'red\|rhel' >/dev/null 2>&1; echo $$?)
CENTOS = $(shell echo $(DISTRO) | grep -i centos >/dev/null 2>&1; echo $$?)
SUSE = $(shell echo $(DISTRO) | grep -i 'suse\|sles' >/dev/null 2>&1; echo $$?)
ifeq ("$(UBUNTU)","0")
ifeq ($(HOST_ARCH)-$(TARGET_ARCH),x86_64-armv7l)
GLPATH := /usr/arm-linux-gnueabihf/lib
GLLINK := -L/usr/arm-linux-gnueabihf/lib
ifneq ($(TARGET_FS),)
GLPATH += $(TARGET_FS)/usr/lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf
GLLINK += -L$(TARGET_FS)/usr/lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf
endif
else ifeq ($(HOST_ARCH)-$(TARGET_ARCH),x86_64-aarch64)
GLPATH := /usr/aarch64-linux-gnu/lib
GLLINK := -L/usr/aarch64-linux-gnu/lib
ifneq ($(TARGET_FS),)
GLPATH += $(TARGET_FS)/usr/lib
GLPATH += $(TARGET_FS)/usr/lib/aarch64-linux-gnu
GLLINK += -L$(TARGET_FS)/usr/lib/aarch64-linux-gnu
endif
else ifeq ($(HOST_ARCH)-$(TARGET_ARCH),x86_64-ppc64le)
GLPATH := /usr/powerpc64le-linux-gnu/lib
GLLINK := -L/usr/powerpc64le-linux-gnu/lib
else
UBUNTU_PKG_NAME = $(shell which dpkg >/dev/null 2>&1 && dpkg -l 'nvidia-*' | grep '^ii' | awk '{print $$2}' | head -1)
ifneq ("$(UBUNTU_PKG_NAME)","")
GLPATH ?= /usr/lib/$(UBUNTU_PKG_NAME)
GLLINK ?= -L/usr/lib/$(UBUNTU_PKG_NAME)
endif
DFLT_PATH ?= /usr/lib
endif
endif
ifeq ("$(SUSE)","0")
GLPATH ?= /usr/X11R6/lib64
GLLINK ?= -L/usr/X11R6/lib64
DFLT_PATH ?= /usr/lib64
endif
ifeq ("$(FEDORA)","0")
GLPATH ?= /usr/lib64/nvidia
GLLINK ?= -L/usr/lib64/nvidia
DFLT_PATH ?= /usr/lib64
endif
ifeq ("$(RHEL)","0")
GLPATH ?= /usr/lib64/nvidia
GLLINK ?= -L/usr/lib64/nvidia
DFLT_PATH ?= /usr/lib64
endif
ifeq ("$(CENTOS)","0")
GLPATH ?= /usr/lib64/nvidia
GLLINK ?= -L/usr/lib64/nvidia
DFLT_PATH ?= /usr/lib64
endif
# find libGL, libGLU
GLLIB := $(shell find -L $(GLPATH) $(DFLT_PATH) -name libGL.so -print 2>/dev/null)
GLULIB := $(shell find -L $(GLPATH) $(DFLT_PATH) -name libGLU.so -print 2>/dev/null)
ifeq ("$(GLLIB)","")
$(info >>> WARNING - libGL.so not found, refer to CUDA Getting Started Guide for how to find and install them. <<<)
SAMPLE_ENABLED := 0
endif
ifeq ("$(GLULIB)","")
$(info >>> WARNING - libGLU.so not found, refer to CUDA Getting Started Guide for how to find and install them. <<<)
SAMPLE_ENABLED := 0
endif
HEADER_SEARCH_PATH ?= $(TARGET_FS)/usr/include
ifeq ($(HOST_ARCH)-$(TARGET_ARCH)-$(TARGET_OS),x86_64-armv7l-linux)
HEADER_SEARCH_PATH += /usr/arm-linux-gnueabihf/include
else ifeq ($(HOST_ARCH)-$(TARGET_ARCH)-$(TARGET_OS),x86_64-aarch64-linux)
HEADER_SEARCH_PATH += /usr/aarch64-linux-gnu/include
endif
GLHEADER := $(shell find -L $(HEADER_SEARCH_PATH) -name gl.h -print 2>/dev/null)
GLUHEADER := $(shell find -L $(HEADER_SEARCH_PATH) -name glu.h -print 2>/dev/null)
ifeq ("$(GLHEADER)","")
$(info >>> WARNING - gl.h not found, refer to CUDA Getting Started Guide for how to find and install them. <<<)
SAMPLE_ENABLED := 0
endif
ifeq ("$(GLUHEADER)","")
$(info >>> WARNING - glu.h not found, refer to CUDA Getting Started Guide for how to find and install them. <<<)
SAMPLE_ENABLED := 0
endif
else
# This would be the Mac OS X path if we had to do anything special
endif