add and update samples for CUDA 11.5

This commit is contained in:
Rutwik Choughule
2021-10-21 16:34:49 +05:30
parent 3342d604fe
commit 1f76a2d110
2796 changed files with 1511725 additions and 827 deletions

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{
"configurations": [
{
"name": "Linux",
"includePath": [
"${workspaceFolder}/**",
"${workspaceFolder}/../../Common"
],
"defines": [],
"compilerPath": "/usr/local/cuda/bin/nvcc",
"cStandard": "gnu17",
"cppStandard": "gnu++14",
"intelliSenseMode": "linux-gcc-x64",
"configurationProvider": "ms-vscode.makefile-tools"
}
],
"version": 4
}

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{
"recommendations": [
"nvidia.nsight-vscode-edition",
"ms-vscode.cpptools",
"ms-vscode.makefile-tools"
]
}

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Samples/transpose/.vscode/launch.json vendored Normal file
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{
"configurations": [
{
"name": "CUDA C++: Launch",
"type": "cuda-gdb",
"request": "launch",
"program": "${workspaceFolder}/transpose"
}
]
}

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Samples/transpose/.vscode/tasks.json vendored Normal file
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{
"version": "2.0.0",
"tasks": [
{
"label": "sample",
"type": "shell",
"command": "make dbg=1",
"problemMatcher": ["$nvcc"],
"group": {
"kind": "build",
"isDefault": true
}
}
]
}

362
Samples/transpose/Makefile Normal file
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################################################################################
# Copyright (c) 2019, NVIDIA CORPORATION. All rights reserved.
#
# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
# are met:
# * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
# * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
# documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
# * Neither the name of NVIDIA CORPORATION nor the names of its
# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived
# from this software without specific prior written permission.
#
# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS ``AS IS'' AND ANY
# EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
# IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
# PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR
# CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL,
# EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
# PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR
# PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY
# OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
#
################################################################################
#
# Makefile project only supported on Mac OS X and Linux Platforms)
#
################################################################################
# Location of the CUDA Toolkit
CUDA_PATH ?= /usr/local/cuda
##############################
# start deprecated interface #
##############################
ifeq ($(x86_64),1)
$(info WARNING - x86_64 variable has been deprecated)
$(info WARNING - please use TARGET_ARCH=x86_64 instead)
TARGET_ARCH ?= x86_64
endif
ifeq ($(ARMv7),1)
$(info WARNING - ARMv7 variable has been deprecated)
$(info WARNING - please use TARGET_ARCH=armv7l instead)
TARGET_ARCH ?= armv7l
endif
ifeq ($(aarch64),1)
$(info WARNING - aarch64 variable has been deprecated)
$(info WARNING - please use TARGET_ARCH=aarch64 instead)
TARGET_ARCH ?= aarch64
endif
ifeq ($(ppc64le),1)
$(info WARNING - ppc64le variable has been deprecated)
$(info WARNING - please use TARGET_ARCH=ppc64le instead)
TARGET_ARCH ?= ppc64le
endif
ifneq ($(GCC),)
$(info WARNING - GCC variable has been deprecated)
$(info WARNING - please use HOST_COMPILER=$(GCC) instead)
HOST_COMPILER ?= $(GCC)
endif
ifneq ($(abi),)
$(error ERROR - abi variable has been removed)
endif
############################
# end deprecated interface #
############################
# architecture
HOST_ARCH := $(shell uname -m)
TARGET_ARCH ?= $(HOST_ARCH)
ifneq (,$(filter $(TARGET_ARCH),x86_64 aarch64 sbsa ppc64le armv7l))
ifneq ($(TARGET_ARCH),$(HOST_ARCH))
ifneq (,$(filter $(TARGET_ARCH),x86_64 aarch64 sbsa ppc64le))
TARGET_SIZE := 64
else ifneq (,$(filter $(TARGET_ARCH),armv7l))
TARGET_SIZE := 32
endif
else
TARGET_SIZE := $(shell getconf LONG_BIT)
endif
else
$(error ERROR - unsupported value $(TARGET_ARCH) for TARGET_ARCH!)
endif
# sbsa and aarch64 systems look similar. Need to differentiate them at host level for now.
ifeq ($(HOST_ARCH),aarch64)
ifeq ($(CUDA_PATH)/targets/sbsa-linux,$(shell ls -1d $(CUDA_PATH)/targets/sbsa-linux 2>/dev/null))
HOST_ARCH := sbsa
TARGET_ARCH := sbsa
endif
endif
ifneq ($(TARGET_ARCH),$(HOST_ARCH))
ifeq (,$(filter $(HOST_ARCH)-$(TARGET_ARCH),aarch64-armv7l x86_64-armv7l x86_64-aarch64 x86_64-sbsa x86_64-ppc64le))
$(error ERROR - cross compiling from $(HOST_ARCH) to $(TARGET_ARCH) is not supported!)
endif
endif
# When on native aarch64 system with userspace of 32-bit, change TARGET_ARCH to armv7l
ifeq ($(HOST_ARCH)-$(TARGET_ARCH)-$(TARGET_SIZE),aarch64-aarch64-32)
TARGET_ARCH = armv7l
endif
# operating system
HOST_OS := $(shell uname -s 2>/dev/null | tr "[:upper:]" "[:lower:]")
TARGET_OS ?= $(HOST_OS)
ifeq (,$(filter $(TARGET_OS),linux darwin qnx android))
$(error ERROR - unsupported value $(TARGET_OS) for TARGET_OS!)
endif
# host compiler
ifeq ($(TARGET_OS),darwin)
ifeq ($(shell expr `xcodebuild -version | grep -i xcode | awk '{print $$2}' | cut -d'.' -f1` \>= 5),1)
HOST_COMPILER ?= clang++
endif
else ifneq ($(TARGET_ARCH),$(HOST_ARCH))
ifeq ($(HOST_ARCH)-$(TARGET_ARCH),x86_64-armv7l)
ifeq ($(TARGET_OS),linux)
HOST_COMPILER ?= arm-linux-gnueabihf-g++
else ifeq ($(TARGET_OS),qnx)
ifeq ($(QNX_HOST),)
$(error ERROR - QNX_HOST must be passed to the QNX host toolchain)
endif
ifeq ($(QNX_TARGET),)
$(error ERROR - QNX_TARGET must be passed to the QNX target toolchain)
endif
export QNX_HOST
export QNX_TARGET
HOST_COMPILER ?= $(QNX_HOST)/usr/bin/arm-unknown-nto-qnx6.6.0eabi-g++
else ifeq ($(TARGET_OS),android)
HOST_COMPILER ?= arm-linux-androideabi-g++
endif
else ifeq ($(TARGET_ARCH),aarch64)
ifeq ($(TARGET_OS), linux)
HOST_COMPILER ?= aarch64-linux-gnu-g++
else ifeq ($(TARGET_OS),qnx)
ifeq ($(QNX_HOST),)
$(error ERROR - QNX_HOST must be passed to the QNX host toolchain)
endif
ifeq ($(QNX_TARGET),)
$(error ERROR - QNX_TARGET must be passed to the QNX target toolchain)
endif
export QNX_HOST
export QNX_TARGET
HOST_COMPILER ?= $(QNX_HOST)/usr/bin/q++
else ifeq ($(TARGET_OS), android)
HOST_COMPILER ?= aarch64-linux-android-clang++
endif
else ifeq ($(TARGET_ARCH),sbsa)
HOST_COMPILER ?= aarch64-linux-gnu-g++
else ifeq ($(TARGET_ARCH),ppc64le)
HOST_COMPILER ?= powerpc64le-linux-gnu-g++
endif
endif
HOST_COMPILER ?= g++
NVCC := $(CUDA_PATH)/bin/nvcc -ccbin $(HOST_COMPILER)
# internal flags
NVCCFLAGS := -m${TARGET_SIZE}
CCFLAGS :=
LDFLAGS :=
# build flags
ifeq ($(TARGET_OS),darwin)
LDFLAGS += -rpath $(CUDA_PATH)/lib
CCFLAGS += -arch $(HOST_ARCH)
else ifeq ($(HOST_ARCH)-$(TARGET_ARCH)-$(TARGET_OS),x86_64-armv7l-linux)
LDFLAGS += --dynamic-linker=/lib/ld-linux-armhf.so.3
CCFLAGS += -mfloat-abi=hard
else ifeq ($(TARGET_OS),android)
LDFLAGS += -pie
CCFLAGS += -fpie -fpic -fexceptions
endif
ifneq ($(TARGET_ARCH),$(HOST_ARCH))
ifeq ($(TARGET_ARCH)-$(TARGET_OS),armv7l-linux)
ifneq ($(TARGET_FS),)
GCCVERSIONLTEQ46 := $(shell expr `$(HOST_COMPILER) -dumpversion` \<= 4.6)
ifeq ($(GCCVERSIONLTEQ46),1)
CCFLAGS += --sysroot=$(TARGET_FS)
endif
LDFLAGS += --sysroot=$(TARGET_FS)
LDFLAGS += -rpath-link=$(TARGET_FS)/lib
LDFLAGS += -rpath-link=$(TARGET_FS)/usr/lib
LDFLAGS += -rpath-link=$(TARGET_FS)/usr/lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf
endif
endif
ifeq ($(TARGET_ARCH)-$(TARGET_OS),aarch64-linux)
ifneq ($(TARGET_FS),)
GCCVERSIONLTEQ46 := $(shell expr `$(HOST_COMPILER) -dumpversion` \<= 4.6)
ifeq ($(GCCVERSIONLTEQ46),1)
CCFLAGS += --sysroot=$(TARGET_FS)
endif
LDFLAGS += --sysroot=$(TARGET_FS)
LDFLAGS += -rpath-link=$(TARGET_FS)/lib -L$(TARGET_FS)/lib
LDFLAGS += -rpath-link=$(TARGET_FS)/lib/aarch64-linux-gnu -L$(TARGET_FS)/lib/aarch64-linux-gnu
LDFLAGS += -rpath-link=$(TARGET_FS)/usr/lib -L$(TARGET_FS)/usr/lib
LDFLAGS += -rpath-link=$(TARGET_FS)/usr/lib/aarch64-linux-gnu -L$(TARGET_FS)/usr/lib/aarch64-linux-gnu
LDFLAGS += --unresolved-symbols=ignore-in-shared-libs
CCFLAGS += -isystem=$(TARGET_FS)/usr/include -I$(TARGET_FS)/usr/include -I$(TARGET_FS)/usr/include/libdrm
CCFLAGS += -isystem=$(TARGET_FS)/usr/include/aarch64-linux-gnu -I$(TARGET_FS)/usr/include/aarch64-linux-gnu
endif
endif
ifeq ($(TARGET_ARCH)-$(TARGET_OS),aarch64-qnx)
NVCCFLAGS += --qpp-config 5.4.0,gcc_ntoaarch64le
CCFLAGS += -DWIN_INTERFACE_CUSTOM -I/usr/include/aarch64-qnx-gnu
LDFLAGS += -lsocket
LDFLAGS += -L/usr/lib/aarch64-qnx-gnu
CCFLAGS += "-Wl\,-rpath-link\,/usr/lib/aarch64-qnx-gnu"
ifdef TARGET_OVERRIDE
LDFLAGS += -lslog2
endif
ifneq ($(TARGET_FS),)
LDFLAGS += -L$(TARGET_FS)/usr/lib
CCFLAGS += "-Wl\,-rpath-link\,$(TARGET_FS)/usr/lib"
LDFLAGS += -L$(TARGET_FS)/usr/libnvidia
CCFLAGS += "-Wl\,-rpath-link\,$(TARGET_FS)/usr/libnvidia"
CCFLAGS += -I$(TARGET_FS)/../include
endif
endif
endif
ifdef TARGET_OVERRIDE # cuda toolkit targets override
NVCCFLAGS += -target-dir $(TARGET_OVERRIDE)
endif
# Install directory of different arch
CUDA_INSTALL_TARGET_DIR :=
ifeq ($(TARGET_ARCH)-$(TARGET_OS),armv7l-linux)
CUDA_INSTALL_TARGET_DIR = targets/armv7-linux-gnueabihf/
else ifeq ($(TARGET_ARCH)-$(TARGET_OS),aarch64-linux)
CUDA_INSTALL_TARGET_DIR = targets/aarch64-linux/
else ifeq ($(TARGET_ARCH)-$(TARGET_OS),sbsa-linux)
CUDA_INSTALL_TARGET_DIR = targets/sbsa-linux/
else ifeq ($(TARGET_ARCH)-$(TARGET_OS),armv7l-android)
CUDA_INSTALL_TARGET_DIR = targets/armv7-linux-androideabi/
else ifeq ($(TARGET_ARCH)-$(TARGET_OS),aarch64-android)
CUDA_INSTALL_TARGET_DIR = targets/aarch64-linux-androideabi/
else ifeq ($(TARGET_ARCH)-$(TARGET_OS),armv7l-qnx)
CUDA_INSTALL_TARGET_DIR = targets/ARMv7-linux-QNX/
else ifeq ($(TARGET_ARCH)-$(TARGET_OS),aarch64-qnx)
CUDA_INSTALL_TARGET_DIR = targets/aarch64-qnx/
else ifeq ($(TARGET_ARCH),ppc64le)
CUDA_INSTALL_TARGET_DIR = targets/ppc64le-linux/
endif
# Debug build flags
ifeq ($(dbg),1)
NVCCFLAGS += -g -G
BUILD_TYPE := debug
else
BUILD_TYPE := release
endif
ALL_CCFLAGS :=
ALL_CCFLAGS += $(NVCCFLAGS)
ALL_CCFLAGS += $(EXTRA_NVCCFLAGS)
ALL_CCFLAGS += $(addprefix -Xcompiler ,$(CCFLAGS))
ALL_CCFLAGS += $(addprefix -Xcompiler ,$(EXTRA_CCFLAGS))
SAMPLE_ENABLED := 1
ALL_LDFLAGS :=
ALL_LDFLAGS += $(ALL_CCFLAGS)
ALL_LDFLAGS += $(addprefix -Xlinker ,$(LDFLAGS))
ALL_LDFLAGS += $(addprefix -Xlinker ,$(EXTRA_LDFLAGS))
# Common includes and paths for CUDA
INCLUDES := -I../../Common
LIBRARIES :=
################################################################################
#Detect if installed version of GCC supports required C++11
ifeq ($(TARGET_OS),linux)
empty :=
space := $(empty) $(empty)
GCCVERSIONSTRING := $(shell expr `$(HOST_COMPILER) -dumpversion`)
#Create version number without "."
GCCVERSION := $(shell expr `echo $(GCCVERSIONSTRING)` | cut -f1 -d.)
GCCVERSION += $(shell expr `echo $(GCCVERSIONSTRING)` | cut -f2 -d.)
GCCVERSION += $(shell expr `echo $(GCCVERSIONSTRING)` | cut -f3 -d.)
# Make sure the version number has at least 3 decimals
GCCVERSION += 00
# Remove spaces from the version number
GCCVERSION := $(subst $(space),$(empty),$(GCCVERSION))
#$(warning $(GCCVERSION))
IS_MIN_VERSION := $(shell expr `echo $(GCCVERSION)` \>= 51000)
ifeq ($(IS_MIN_VERSION), 1)
$(info >>> GCC Version is greater or equal to 5.1.0 <<<)
else
$(info >>> Waiving build. Minimum GCC version required is 5.1.0<<<)
SAMPLE_ENABLED := 0
endif
endif
# Gencode arguments
ifeq ($(TARGET_ARCH),$(filter $(TARGET_ARCH),armv7l aarch64))
SMS ?= 35 37 50 52 60 61 70 72 75 80 86
else
SMS ?= 35 37 50 52 60 61 70 75 80 86
endif
ifeq ($(SMS),)
$(info >>> WARNING - no SM architectures have been specified - waiving sample <<<)
SAMPLE_ENABLED := 0
endif
ifeq ($(GENCODE_FLAGS),)
# Generate SASS code for each SM architecture listed in $(SMS)
$(foreach sm,$(SMS),$(eval GENCODE_FLAGS += -gencode arch=compute_$(sm),code=sm_$(sm)))
# Generate PTX code from the highest SM architecture in $(SMS) to guarantee forward-compatibility
HIGHEST_SM := $(lastword $(sort $(SMS)))
ifneq ($(HIGHEST_SM),)
GENCODE_FLAGS += -gencode arch=compute_$(HIGHEST_SM),code=compute_$(HIGHEST_SM)
endif
endif
ALL_CCFLAGS += --threads 0 --std=c++11
ifeq ($(SAMPLE_ENABLED),0)
EXEC ?= @echo "[@]"
endif
################################################################################
# Target rules
all: build
build: transpose
check.deps:
ifeq ($(SAMPLE_ENABLED),0)
@echo "Sample will be waived due to the above missing dependencies"
else
@echo "Sample is ready - all dependencies have been met"
endif
transpose.o:transpose.cu
$(EXEC) $(NVCC) $(INCLUDES) $(ALL_CCFLAGS) $(GENCODE_FLAGS) -o $@ -c $<
transpose: transpose.o
$(EXEC) $(NVCC) $(ALL_LDFLAGS) $(GENCODE_FLAGS) -o $@ $+ $(LIBRARIES)
$(EXEC) mkdir -p ../../bin/$(TARGET_ARCH)/$(TARGET_OS)/$(BUILD_TYPE)
$(EXEC) cp $@ ../../bin/$(TARGET_ARCH)/$(TARGET_OS)/$(BUILD_TYPE)
run: build
$(EXEC) ./transpose
clean:
rm -f transpose transpose.o
rm -rf ../../bin/$(TARGET_ARCH)/$(TARGET_OS)/$(BUILD_TYPE)/transpose
clobber: clean

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE entry SYSTEM "SamplesInfo.dtd">
<entry>
<name>transpose</name>
<description><![CDATA[This sample demonstrates Matrix Transpose. Different performance are shown to achieve high performance.]]></description>
<devicecompilation>whole</devicecompilation>
<includepaths>
<path>./</path>
<path>../</path>
<path>../../Common</path>
</includepaths>
<keyconcepts>
<concept level="advanced">Performance Strategies</concept>
<concept level="advanced">Linear Algebra</concept>
</keyconcepts>
<keywords>
<keyword>GPGPU</keyword>
<keyword>matrix</keyword>
<keyword>transpose</keyword>
</keywords>
<libraries>
</libraries>
<librarypaths>
</librarypaths>
<nsight_eclipse>true</nsight_eclipse>
<primary_file>transpose.cu</primary_file>
<scopes>
<scope>1:CUDA Advanced Topics</scope>
<scope>1:Performance Strategies</scope>
<scope>3:Linear Algebra</scope>
</scopes>
<sm-arch>sm35</sm-arch>
<sm-arch>sm37</sm-arch>
<sm-arch>sm50</sm-arch>
<sm-arch>sm52</sm-arch>
<sm-arch>sm60</sm-arch>
<sm-arch>sm61</sm-arch>
<sm-arch>sm70</sm-arch>
<sm-arch>sm72</sm-arch>
<sm-arch>sm75</sm-arch>
<sm-arch>sm80</sm-arch>
<sm-arch>sm86</sm-arch>
<supported_envs>
<env>
<arch>x86_64</arch>
<platform>linux</platform>
</env>
<env>
<platform>windows7</platform>
</env>
<env>
<arch>x86_64</arch>
<platform>macosx</platform>
</env>
<env>
<arch>arm</arch>
</env>
<env>
<arch>ppc64le</arch>
<platform>linux</platform>
</env>
</supported_envs>
<supported_sm_architectures>
<include>all</include>
</supported_sm_architectures>
<title>Matrix Transpose</title>
<type>exe</type>
<whitepaper>doc\MatrixTranspose.pdf</whitepaper>
</entry>

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# transpose - Matrix Transpose
## Description
This sample demonstrates Matrix Transpose. Different performance are shown to achieve high performance.
## Key Concepts
Performance Strategies, Linear Algebra
## Supported SM Architectures
[SM 3.5 ](https://developer.nvidia.com/cuda-gpus) [SM 3.7 ](https://developer.nvidia.com/cuda-gpus) [SM 5.0 ](https://developer.nvidia.com/cuda-gpus) [SM 5.2 ](https://developer.nvidia.com/cuda-gpus) [SM 6.0 ](https://developer.nvidia.com/cuda-gpus) [SM 6.1 ](https://developer.nvidia.com/cuda-gpus) [SM 7.0 ](https://developer.nvidia.com/cuda-gpus) [SM 7.2 ](https://developer.nvidia.com/cuda-gpus) [SM 7.5 ](https://developer.nvidia.com/cuda-gpus) [SM 8.0 ](https://developer.nvidia.com/cuda-gpus) [SM 8.6 ](https://developer.nvidia.com/cuda-gpus)
## Supported OSes
Linux, Windows
## Supported CPU Architecture
x86_64, ppc64le, armv7l
## CUDA APIs involved
## Prerequisites
Download and install the [CUDA Toolkit 11.5](https://developer.nvidia.com/cuda-downloads) for your corresponding platform.
## Build and Run
### Windows
The Windows samples are built using the Visual Studio IDE. Solution files (.sln) are provided for each supported version of Visual Studio, using the format:
```
*_vs<version>.sln - for Visual Studio <version>
```
Each individual sample has its own set of solution files in its directory:
To build/examine all the samples at once, the complete solution files should be used. To build/examine a single sample, the individual sample solution files should be used.
> **Note:** Some samples require that the Microsoft DirectX SDK (June 2010 or newer) be installed and that the VC++ directory paths are properly set up (**Tools > Options...**). Check DirectX Dependencies section for details."
### Linux
The Linux samples are built using makefiles. To use the makefiles, change the current directory to the sample directory you wish to build, and run make:
```
$ cd <sample_dir>
$ make
```
The samples makefiles can take advantage of certain options:
* **TARGET_ARCH=<arch>** - cross-compile targeting a specific architecture. Allowed architectures are x86_64, ppc64le, armv7l.
By default, TARGET_ARCH is set to HOST_ARCH. On a x86_64 machine, not setting TARGET_ARCH is the equivalent of setting TARGET_ARCH=x86_64.<br/>
`$ make TARGET_ARCH=x86_64` <br/> `$ make TARGET_ARCH=ppc64le` <br/> `$ make TARGET_ARCH=armv7l` <br/>
See [here](http://docs.nvidia.com/cuda/cuda-samples/index.html#cross-samples) for more details.
* **dbg=1** - build with debug symbols
```
$ make dbg=1
```
* **SMS="A B ..."** - override the SM architectures for which the sample will be built, where `"A B ..."` is a space-delimited list of SM architectures. For example, to generate SASS for SM 50 and SM 60, use `SMS="50 60"`.
```
$ make SMS="50 60"
```
* **HOST_COMPILER=<host_compiler>** - override the default g++ host compiler. See the [Linux Installation Guide](http://docs.nvidia.com/cuda/cuda-installation-guide-linux/index.html#system-requirements) for a list of supported host compilers.
```
$ make HOST_COMPILER=g++
```
## References (for more details)

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/* Copyright (c) 2021, NVIDIA CORPORATION. All rights reserved.
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
* are met:
* * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
* documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
* * Neither the name of NVIDIA CORPORATION nor the names of its
* contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived
* from this software without specific prior written permission.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS ``AS IS'' AND ANY
* EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
* IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
* PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR
* CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL,
* EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
* PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR
* PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY
* OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
* (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
* OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*/
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Transpose
//
// This file contains both device and host code for transposing a floating-point
// matrix. It performs several transpose kernels, which incrementally improve
// performance through coalescing, removing shared memory bank conflicts, and
// eliminating partition camping. Several of the kernels perform a copy, used
// to represent the best case performance that a transpose can achieve.
//
// Please see the whitepaper in the docs folder of the transpose project for a
// detailed description of this performance study.
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
#include <cooperative_groups.h>
namespace cg = cooperative_groups;
// Utilities and system includes
#include <helper_string.h> // helper for string parsing
#include <helper_image.h> // helper for image and data comparison
#include <helper_cuda.h> // helper for cuda error checking functions
const char *sSDKsample = "Transpose";
// Each block transposes/copies a tile of TILE_DIM x TILE_DIM elements
// using TILE_DIM x BLOCK_ROWS threads, so that each thread transposes
// TILE_DIM/BLOCK_ROWS elements. TILE_DIM must be an integral multiple of
// BLOCK_ROWS
#define TILE_DIM 16
#define BLOCK_ROWS 16
// This sample assumes that MATRIX_SIZE_X = MATRIX_SIZE_Y
int MATRIX_SIZE_X = 1024;
int MATRIX_SIZE_Y = 1024;
int MUL_FACTOR = TILE_DIM;
#define FLOOR(a, b) (a - (a % b))
// Compute the tile size necessary to illustrate performance cases for SM20+
// hardware
int MAX_TILES = (FLOOR(MATRIX_SIZE_X, 512) * FLOOR(MATRIX_SIZE_Y, 512)) /
(TILE_DIM * TILE_DIM);
// Number of repetitions used for timing. Two sets of repetitions are
// performed: 1) over kernel launches and 2) inside the kernel over just the
// loads and stores
#define NUM_REPS 100
// -------------------------------------------------------
// Copies
// width and height must be integral multiples of TILE_DIM
// -------------------------------------------------------
__global__ void copy(float *odata, float *idata, int width, int height) {
int xIndex = blockIdx.x * TILE_DIM + threadIdx.x;
int yIndex = blockIdx.y * TILE_DIM + threadIdx.y;
int index = xIndex + width * yIndex;
for (int i = 0; i < TILE_DIM; i += BLOCK_ROWS) {
odata[index + i * width] = idata[index + i * width];
}
}
__global__ void copySharedMem(float *odata, float *idata, int width,
int height) {
// Handle to thread block group
cg::thread_block cta = cg::this_thread_block();
__shared__ float tile[TILE_DIM][TILE_DIM];
int xIndex = blockIdx.x * TILE_DIM + threadIdx.x;
int yIndex = blockIdx.y * TILE_DIM + threadIdx.y;
int index = xIndex + width * yIndex;
for (int i = 0; i < TILE_DIM; i += BLOCK_ROWS) {
if (xIndex < width && yIndex < height) {
tile[threadIdx.y][threadIdx.x] = idata[index];
}
}
cg::sync(cta);
for (int i = 0; i < TILE_DIM; i += BLOCK_ROWS) {
if (xIndex < height && yIndex < width) {
odata[index] = tile[threadIdx.y][threadIdx.x];
}
}
}
// -------------------------------------------------------
// Transposes
// width and height must be integral multiples of TILE_DIM
// -------------------------------------------------------
__global__ void transposeNaive(float *odata, float *idata, int width,
int height) {
int xIndex = blockIdx.x * TILE_DIM + threadIdx.x;
int yIndex = blockIdx.y * TILE_DIM + threadIdx.y;
int index_in = xIndex + width * yIndex;
int index_out = yIndex + height * xIndex;
for (int i = 0; i < TILE_DIM; i += BLOCK_ROWS) {
odata[index_out + i] = idata[index_in + i * width];
}
}
// coalesced transpose (with bank conflicts)
__global__ void transposeCoalesced(float *odata, float *idata, int width,
int height) {
// Handle to thread block group
cg::thread_block cta = cg::this_thread_block();
__shared__ float tile[TILE_DIM][TILE_DIM];
int xIndex = blockIdx.x * TILE_DIM + threadIdx.x;
int yIndex = blockIdx.y * TILE_DIM + threadIdx.y;
int index_in = xIndex + (yIndex)*width;
xIndex = blockIdx.y * TILE_DIM + threadIdx.x;
yIndex = blockIdx.x * TILE_DIM + threadIdx.y;
int index_out = xIndex + (yIndex)*height;
for (int i = 0; i < TILE_DIM; i += BLOCK_ROWS) {
tile[threadIdx.y + i][threadIdx.x] = idata[index_in + i * width];
}
cg::sync(cta);
for (int i = 0; i < TILE_DIM; i += BLOCK_ROWS) {
odata[index_out + i * height] = tile[threadIdx.x][threadIdx.y + i];
}
}
// Coalesced transpose with no bank conflicts
__global__ void transposeNoBankConflicts(float *odata, float *idata, int width,
int height) {
// Handle to thread block group
cg::thread_block cta = cg::this_thread_block();
__shared__ float tile[TILE_DIM][TILE_DIM + 1];
int xIndex = blockIdx.x * TILE_DIM + threadIdx.x;
int yIndex = blockIdx.y * TILE_DIM + threadIdx.y;
int index_in = xIndex + (yIndex)*width;
xIndex = blockIdx.y * TILE_DIM + threadIdx.x;
yIndex = blockIdx.x * TILE_DIM + threadIdx.y;
int index_out = xIndex + (yIndex)*height;
for (int i = 0; i < TILE_DIM; i += BLOCK_ROWS) {
tile[threadIdx.y + i][threadIdx.x] = idata[index_in + i * width];
}
cg::sync(cta);
for (int i = 0; i < TILE_DIM; i += BLOCK_ROWS) {
odata[index_out + i * height] = tile[threadIdx.x][threadIdx.y + i];
}
}
// Transpose that effectively reorders execution of thread blocks along
// diagonals of the matrix (also coalesced and has no bank conflicts)
//
// Here blockIdx.x is interpreted as the distance along a diagonal and
// blockIdx.y as corresponding to different diagonals
//
// blockIdx_x and blockIdx_y expressions map the diagonal coordinates to the
// more commonly used cartesian coordinates so that the only changes to the code
// from the coalesced version are the calculation of the blockIdx_x and
// blockIdx_y and replacement of blockIdx.x and bloclIdx.y with the subscripted
// versions in the remaining code
__global__ void transposeDiagonal(float *odata, float *idata, int width,
int height) {
// Handle to thread block group
cg::thread_block cta = cg::this_thread_block();
__shared__ float tile[TILE_DIM][TILE_DIM + 1];
int blockIdx_x, blockIdx_y;
// do diagonal reordering
if (width == height) {
blockIdx_y = blockIdx.x;
blockIdx_x = (blockIdx.x + blockIdx.y) % gridDim.x;
} else {
int bid = blockIdx.x + gridDim.x * blockIdx.y;
blockIdx_y = bid % gridDim.y;
blockIdx_x = ((bid / gridDim.y) + blockIdx_y) % gridDim.x;
}
// from here on the code is same as previous kernel except blockIdx_x replaces
// blockIdx.x and similarly for y
int xIndex = blockIdx_x * TILE_DIM + threadIdx.x;
int yIndex = blockIdx_y * TILE_DIM + threadIdx.y;
int index_in = xIndex + (yIndex)*width;
xIndex = blockIdx_y * TILE_DIM + threadIdx.x;
yIndex = blockIdx_x * TILE_DIM + threadIdx.y;
int index_out = xIndex + (yIndex)*height;
for (int i = 0; i < TILE_DIM; i += BLOCK_ROWS) {
tile[threadIdx.y + i][threadIdx.x] = idata[index_in + i * width];
}
cg::sync(cta);
for (int i = 0; i < TILE_DIM; i += BLOCK_ROWS) {
odata[index_out + i * height] = tile[threadIdx.x][threadIdx.y + i];
}
}
// --------------------------------------------------------------------
// Partial transposes
// NB: the coarse- and fine-grained routines only perform part of a
// transpose and will fail the test against the reference solution
//
// They are used to assess performance characteristics of different
// components of a full transpose
// --------------------------------------------------------------------
__global__ void transposeFineGrained(float *odata, float *idata, int width,
int height) {
// Handle to thread block group
cg::thread_block cta = cg::this_thread_block();
__shared__ float block[TILE_DIM][TILE_DIM + 1];
int xIndex = blockIdx.x * TILE_DIM + threadIdx.x;
int yIndex = blockIdx.y * TILE_DIM + threadIdx.y;
int index = xIndex + (yIndex)*width;
for (int i = 0; i < TILE_DIM; i += BLOCK_ROWS) {
block[threadIdx.y + i][threadIdx.x] = idata[index + i * width];
}
cg::sync(cta);
for (int i = 0; i < TILE_DIM; i += BLOCK_ROWS) {
odata[index + i * height] = block[threadIdx.x][threadIdx.y + i];
}
}
__global__ void transposeCoarseGrained(float *odata, float *idata, int width,
int height) {
// Handle to thread block group
cg::thread_block cta = cg::this_thread_block();
__shared__ float block[TILE_DIM][TILE_DIM + 1];
int xIndex = blockIdx.x * TILE_DIM + threadIdx.x;
int yIndex = blockIdx.y * TILE_DIM + threadIdx.y;
int index_in = xIndex + (yIndex)*width;
xIndex = blockIdx.y * TILE_DIM + threadIdx.x;
yIndex = blockIdx.x * TILE_DIM + threadIdx.y;
int index_out = xIndex + (yIndex)*height;
for (int i = 0; i < TILE_DIM; i += BLOCK_ROWS) {
block[threadIdx.y + i][threadIdx.x] = idata[index_in + i * width];
}
cg::sync(cta);
for (int i = 0; i < TILE_DIM; i += BLOCK_ROWS) {
odata[index_out + i * height] = block[threadIdx.y + i][threadIdx.x];
}
}
// ---------------------
// host utility routines
// ---------------------
void computeTransposeGold(float *gold, float *idata, const int size_x,
const int size_y) {
for (int y = 0; y < size_y; ++y) {
for (int x = 0; x < size_x; ++x) {
gold[(x * size_y) + y] = idata[(y * size_x) + x];
}
}
}
void getParams(int argc, char **argv, cudaDeviceProp &deviceProp, int &size_x,
int &size_y, int max_tile_dim) {
// set matrix size (if (x,y) dim of matrix is not square, then this will have
// to be modified
if (checkCmdLineFlag(argc, (const char **)argv, "dimX")) {
size_x = getCmdLineArgumentInt(argc, (const char **)argv, "dimX");
if (size_x > max_tile_dim) {
printf("> MatrixSize X = %d is greater than the recommended size = %d\n",
size_x, max_tile_dim);
} else {
printf("> MatrixSize X = %d\n", size_x);
}
} else {
size_x = max_tile_dim;
size_x = FLOOR(size_x, 512);
}
if (checkCmdLineFlag(argc, (const char **)argv, "dimY")) {
size_y = getCmdLineArgumentInt(argc, (const char **)argv, "dimY");
if (size_y > max_tile_dim) {
printf("> MatrixSize Y = %d is greater than the recommended size = %d\n",
size_y, max_tile_dim);
} else {
printf("> MatrixSize Y = %d\n", size_y);
}
} else {
size_y = max_tile_dim;
size_y = FLOOR(size_y, 512);
}
}
void showHelp() {
printf("\n%s : Command line options\n", sSDKsample);
printf("\t-device=n (where n=0,1,2.... for the GPU device)\n\n");
printf("> The default matrix size can be overridden with these parameters\n");
printf("\t-dimX=row_dim_size (matrix row dimensions)\n");
printf("\t-dimY=col_dim_size (matrix column dimensions)\n");
}
// ----
// main
// ----
int main(int argc, char **argv) {
// Start logs
printf("%s Starting...\n\n", sSDKsample);
if (checkCmdLineFlag(argc, (const char **)argv, "help")) {
showHelp();
return 0;
}
int devID = findCudaDevice(argc, (const char **)argv);
cudaDeviceProp deviceProp;
// get number of SMs on this GPU
checkCudaErrors(cudaGetDevice(&devID));
checkCudaErrors(cudaGetDeviceProperties(&deviceProp, devID));
// compute the scaling factor (for GPUs with fewer MPs)
float scale_factor, total_tiles;
scale_factor =
max((192.0f / (_ConvertSMVer2Cores(deviceProp.major, deviceProp.minor) *
(float)deviceProp.multiProcessorCount)),
1.0f);
printf("> Device %d: \"%s\"\n", devID, deviceProp.name);
printf("> SM Capability %d.%d detected:\n", deviceProp.major,
deviceProp.minor);
// Calculate number of tiles we will run for the Matrix Transpose performance
// tests
int size_x, size_y, max_matrix_dim, matrix_size_test;
matrix_size_test = 512; // we round down max_matrix_dim for this perf test
total_tiles = (float)MAX_TILES / scale_factor;
max_matrix_dim =
FLOOR((int)(floor(sqrt(total_tiles)) * TILE_DIM), matrix_size_test);
// This is the minimum size allowed
if (max_matrix_dim == 0) {
max_matrix_dim = matrix_size_test;
}
printf("> [%s] has %d MP(s) x %d (Cores/MP) = %d (Cores)\n", deviceProp.name,
deviceProp.multiProcessorCount,
_ConvertSMVer2Cores(deviceProp.major, deviceProp.minor),
_ConvertSMVer2Cores(deviceProp.major, deviceProp.minor) *
deviceProp.multiProcessorCount);
printf("> Compute performance scaling factor = %4.2f\n", scale_factor);
// Extract parameters if there are any, command line -dimx and -dimy can
// override any of these settings
getParams(argc, argv, deviceProp, size_x, size_y, max_matrix_dim);
if (size_x != size_y) {
printf(
"\n[%s] does not support non-square matrices (row_dim_size(%d) != "
"col_dim_size(%d))\nExiting...\n\n",
sSDKsample, size_x, size_y);
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
if (size_x % TILE_DIM != 0 || size_y % TILE_DIM != 0) {
printf(
"[%s] Matrix size must be integral multiple of tile "
"size\nExiting...\n\n",
sSDKsample);
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
// kernel pointer and descriptor
void (*kernel)(float *, float *, int, int);
const char *kernelName;
// execution configuration parameters
dim3 grid(size_x / TILE_DIM, size_y / TILE_DIM),
threads(TILE_DIM, BLOCK_ROWS);
if (grid.x < 1 || grid.y < 1) {
printf("[%s] grid size computation incorrect in test \nExiting...\n\n",
sSDKsample);
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
// CUDA events
cudaEvent_t start, stop;
// size of memory required to store the matrix
size_t mem_size = static_cast<size_t>(sizeof(float) * size_x * size_y);
if (2 * mem_size > deviceProp.totalGlobalMem) {
printf("Input matrix size is larger than the available device memory!\n");
printf("Please choose a smaller size matrix\n");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
// allocate host memory
float *h_idata = (float *)malloc(mem_size);
float *h_odata = (float *)malloc(mem_size);
float *transposeGold = (float *)malloc(mem_size);
float *gold;
// allocate device memory
float *d_idata, *d_odata;
checkCudaErrors(cudaMalloc((void **)&d_idata, mem_size));
checkCudaErrors(cudaMalloc((void **)&d_odata, mem_size));
// initialize host data
for (int i = 0; i < (size_x * size_y); ++i) {
h_idata[i] = (float)i;
}
// copy host data to device
checkCudaErrors(
cudaMemcpy(d_idata, h_idata, mem_size, cudaMemcpyHostToDevice));
// Compute reference transpose solution
computeTransposeGold(transposeGold, h_idata, size_x, size_y);
// print out common data for all kernels
printf(
"\nMatrix size: %dx%d (%dx%d tiles), tile size: %dx%d, block size: "
"%dx%d\n\n",
size_x, size_y, size_x / TILE_DIM, size_y / TILE_DIM, TILE_DIM, TILE_DIM,
TILE_DIM, BLOCK_ROWS);
// initialize events
checkCudaErrors(cudaEventCreate(&start));
checkCudaErrors(cudaEventCreate(&stop));
//
// loop over different kernels
//
bool success = true;
for (int k = 0; k < 8; k++) {
// set kernel pointer
switch (k) {
case 0:
kernel = &copy;
kernelName = "simple copy ";
break;
case 1:
kernel = &copySharedMem;
kernelName = "shared memory copy";
break;
case 2:
kernel = &transposeNaive;
kernelName = "naive ";
break;
case 3:
kernel = &transposeCoalesced;
kernelName = "coalesced ";
break;
case 4:
kernel = &transposeNoBankConflicts;
kernelName = "optimized ";
break;
case 5:
kernel = &transposeCoarseGrained;
kernelName = "coarse-grained ";
break;
case 6:
kernel = &transposeFineGrained;
kernelName = "fine-grained ";
break;
case 7:
kernel = &transposeDiagonal;
kernelName = "diagonal ";
break;
}
// set reference solution
if (kernel == &copy || kernel == &copySharedMem) {
gold = h_idata;
} else if (kernel == &transposeCoarseGrained ||
kernel == &transposeFineGrained) {
gold = h_odata; // fine- and coarse-grained kernels are not full
// transposes, so bypass check
} else {
gold = transposeGold;
}
// Clear error status
checkCudaErrors(cudaGetLastError());
// warmup to avoid timing startup
kernel<<<grid, threads>>>(d_odata, d_idata, size_x, size_y);
// take measurements for loop over kernel launches
checkCudaErrors(cudaEventRecord(start, 0));
for (int i = 0; i < NUM_REPS; i++) {
kernel<<<grid, threads>>>(d_odata, d_idata, size_x, size_y);
// Ensure no launch failure
checkCudaErrors(cudaGetLastError());
}
checkCudaErrors(cudaEventRecord(stop, 0));
checkCudaErrors(cudaEventSynchronize(stop));
float kernelTime;
checkCudaErrors(cudaEventElapsedTime(&kernelTime, start, stop));
checkCudaErrors(
cudaMemcpy(h_odata, d_odata, mem_size, cudaMemcpyDeviceToHost));
bool res = compareData(gold, h_odata, size_x * size_y, 0.01f, 0.0f);
if (res == false) {
printf("*** %s kernel FAILED ***\n", kernelName);
success = false;
}
// take measurements for loop inside kernel
checkCudaErrors(
cudaMemcpy(h_odata, d_odata, mem_size, cudaMemcpyDeviceToHost));
res = compareData(gold, h_odata, size_x * size_y, 0.01f, 0.0f);
if (res == false) {
printf("*** %s kernel FAILED ***\n", kernelName);
success = false;
}
// report effective bandwidths
float kernelBandwidth = 2.0f * 1000.0f * mem_size / (1024 * 1024 * 1024) /
(kernelTime / NUM_REPS);
printf(
"transpose %s, Throughput = %.4f GB/s, Time = %.5f ms, Size = %u fp32 "
"elements, NumDevsUsed = %u, Workgroup = %u\n",
kernelName, kernelBandwidth, kernelTime / NUM_REPS, (size_x * size_y),
1, TILE_DIM * BLOCK_ROWS);
}
// cleanup
free(h_idata);
free(h_odata);
free(transposeGold);
cudaFree(d_idata);
cudaFree(d_odata);
checkCudaErrors(cudaEventDestroy(start));
checkCudaErrors(cudaEventDestroy(stop));
if (!success) {
printf("Test failed!\n");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
printf("Test passed\n");
exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
}

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Microsoft Visual Studio Solution File, Format Version 12.00
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EndGlobal

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View File

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@

Microsoft Visual Studio Solution File, Format Version 12.00
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